James V. 1512-42. Catholic king of Scotland, 1513-. Allied with France vs Henry VIII.

Janissaries. 1330-1826. Ottoman sultan’s powerful bodyguard. First recruited from Christian children. Massacred by Mahmud II after revolt.

Jansenism. 1640-1730. Sought return to severity of Augustine. Opposed Jesuits. Gallicanism. Arnauld. Suppressed by Louis XIV. Pascal. Quesnel.

January Insurrection. 1863-4. Unsuccessful Polish revolution vs Russia.

Janus. Roman god with two faces to guard doorways, beginnings and endings.

Japan. 660BC Empire founded by legendary Jimmu. 5C AD First unified state. c552 Buddhism. 1192 First Shogun ruler. 1543 European contact (Portugal). 1639 Isolation. 1868 Meiji restoration. 1945-52 Allies occupy. 1947 Constitutional monarchy.

Jaques-Dalcroze, Émile. 1865-1950. Swiss composer. Developed Eurhythmics 1905.

Jaruzelski, Wojciech. 1923-. Polish leader 1981-90. Banned Solidarity -1989. First free elections, 1989, since WWII.

Jassy, Treaty. 1792. Ends Russo-Turkish war. Russia gains Crimea.

Jauhar. Indian woman’s suicide by fire before husband’s expected death in battle.

Java. 3C BC Indian infl. 8C Srivijaya(W). 13C Majapahit. 16C Mataran (Islamic). 1618 Dutch E Ind Co...1799 Dutch. 1811-16 British occupy. 1910 Indonesia. 1942-5 Japan occupies.

Java Sea, Battle. 1942. Japanese naval victory over Allies.

Jay, John. 1745-1829. US president of Continental Congress 1778. First Chief Justice. Jay’s Treaty.

Jay’s Treaty. 1794. Brititish concessions to US to avoid another war doesn’t appease Americans.

Jeans, James. 1877-1946. English astronomer. Dynamic theory of gases.

Jeffersonian Republicans. 1790-. US First opposition party. Advocated limited government vs Federalists.

Jeffreys of Wem, Baron. 1645-89. Bloody Assizes judge. Extortion, corruption. Lord Chancellor 1685-8.

Jehovah’s Witnesses. 1879-. Christian sect believing in Christ’s imminent second coming. Founded by Russell. Publish Watchtower and Awake!. Yahweh.

Jemmapes, Battle. 1792. Dumouriez defeats Austrians. French occupy Belgium.

Jennings, Jane. Canadian author. Pocket Guide to World History 1986-2009.

Jennings, Peter. 1950-. British author/inventor. Microchess 1976. Visidex 1980. Pocket History 1986-2009. MagicNotch 1990.

Jericho. c9000BC. First walled city. 2300BC Amorite. 1900BC Canaanite. c1300BC Israelites destroy.

Jericho, Battle. ~1300BC. Israelis under Joshua capture city.

Jerusalem. 3500BC settled. c1000BC David conquers for Israel. 721BC Assyrians conquer. Lost Tribes. 586BC Nebuchadnezzar. 539BC Cyrus. 332BC Alexander...320BC Ptolemy I Soter. 197BC Seleucid. 167BC Hasmonaean. 63BC Rome. 324 Byzantine. 614 Persia. 637 Moslem. 1099 Crusades. Latin Kingdom. 1187 Saladin. 1260 Mameluk. 1517 Ottoman. 1917 British Mandate. 1949 Israel/Jordan. 1967 Israel re-unites. 1996 Israel/Palestinian Authority.

Jerusalem, Kingdom. 1099-1291. Palestine kingdom created by leaders of First Crusade. King of Jerusalem used as title until 15C.

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