Encyclopédists. 1751-72. Group who wrote encyclopaedia under Diderot. Voltaire, Helvetius, D’Alembert. As sceptics, they popularized social ideas which led to the French Revolution.

Enesco, Georges. 1881-1955. Romanian folk theme composer. National style.

England. c1800BC Beaker folk. 8C BC Celt. 150BC Belgae. 55BC-407 Rome. 5C Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. 9C Dane(N,E). 10C A-S/Dane. 1042 Anglo-Saxon. 1066 Norman. 1204 -Normandy. 1707 Great Britain. 1801 United Kingdom.

English Civil War. 1642-9. King vs Parliament. Charles beheaded. Monarchy abolished. Commonwealth. Cromwell. Covenanters.

Enlightenment. 17-18C. Intellectual movement. Rationalism, natural laws vs dogma, authority. J-J Rousseau. Smith. Mendlessohn. Fontenelle. Voltaire. Montesquieu. Hume. Berkeley. Sturm und Drang.

Ennius, Quintus. 239-169BC. Roman poet. Annales-History of Rome.

Enola Gay. US plane which dropped H-bomb on Hiroshima, 1945.

Ensor, James. 1860-1949. Belgian painter and engraver. Pessimistic fantasy and social commentary.

Entebbe. Uganda airport. Site of 1976 hijacking ended by Israeli commandos.

Entente Cordiale. 1904. Anglo-French agreement. Defined spheres of influence in Africa and Pacific allowing co-operation vs Germany.

Enver Pasha. 1881-1922. Young Turk leader. Revolt, 1908. WWI. Ruled with Triumvirate. 1913-18. Talât Pasha.

EOKA. 1955-74. Cyprus anti-British movement for union with Greece.

Epaminondas. c410-362BC. Thebian general, statesman. Defeated Sparta at Leuctra. Permanently changed balance of power.

Ephesus. Major Greek, Roman city now in Turkey. 133 Bequeathed to Rome by Attale. 263 Goths sacked Temple of Artemis, 7 wonder.

Ephesus, Council. 431. Nestor debates Cyril. Monophysitism adopted.

Ephorus. c405-330BC. Greek. Wrote universal history of Greece.

Épinay, Louise d’. 1726-83. French Enlightenment patroness.

Epiphenomenalism. Mind exists only as a process within the physical system of matter. Cannot exist without it. Hobbes.

Epirus. 3-2C BC. Powerful Greek country under King Pyrrhus.

Episcopalianism. Church government by bishops.

Erasmus, Desiderius. c1466-1536. Dutch Humanist ecclesiastic reform writer. Published first New Testament based on Greek, 1516. Reason over ignorance and superstition. Opposed Luther. Praise of Folly. Enchiridion: Christ requires of us nothing but a pure and sincere life.

Erato. Greek Muse of lyric poetry.

Erechtheus. King, raised by Athena. First temple on Athens Acropolis. Later deified.

Eretria. Greek city. Destroyed 490BC by Persia.

Erhard, Ludwig. 1897-1977. West German Economic Minister 1948-63. Chancellor 1963-6. Architect of economic recovery.

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