Nietzche, Friedrich. 1844-1900. German philosopher. Superman doctrine. Survival of fittest. Thus Spake Zarathustra 1883-92. Will to Power influenced Fascists.

Nike. Greek winged goddess of victory.

Nineteen Propositions. 1642. Parliament’s demands, rejected by Charles I. Civil War.

Nixon, Richard. 1913-94. US president 1969-74. Hiss investigation. Checkers. China relations. Vietnam cease-fire. Watergate. Pardoned.

NKVD. 1934-46. Soviet secret police. KGB.

Noah. Biblical figure. Survived flood in ark.

Noncooperation Movement. 1920-22. Ghandi’s non-violent protest in India. Amritsar Massacre.

Nordenskjöld, Erik. 1832-1901. Sweden. First successful navigation of North-East passage 1878-9.

Norsemen. Danes, Norwegians and Swedes who colonized Britain, France, Russia, 9-11C. Also called: Northmen, Vikings, Varangians. Beseiged Paris 885.

Northampton, Battle. 1460. War of the Roses. York victory earns right to succeed Henry VI.

Northcliffe, Viscount. 1865-1922. English publisher. Daily Mail 1896. Daily Mirror 1903. Times 1906.

Northern Ireland. Ireland. 17C Protestants settle. 1801 United Kingdom. 1920 Ireland divided. 1922 Civil War. 1922 Direct rule. IRA.

Norton, Thomas. 1532-84. First English tragedy with Sackville, in blank-verse. Gorboduc 1561.

Norway. 872 United by Harald Fairhair. 1130- Civil wars. 1397 Danish. 1814 Swedish. 1905 Independent. 1940-45 Germans occupy.

Nufer, Jacob. c1500. First successful Caesarian section on living mother.

OAU. Organization of African Unity. 1963. Formed to improve living standards and eliminate colonialism.

Obed. Biblical son of Ruth and Boaz. Grandfather of David.

Objectivism. 20C philosophy of Ayn Rand. Egoism. One should act in self-interest. Altruism is a weakness.

Obregón, Alvaro. 1880-1928. Reforming Mexican President 1920-24. Peace after civil war.

Octavia. -11BC. Octavian’s sister. Antony’s wife 40-30BC before Cleopatra.

Octavia. 42-62. Claudius’ daughter, Nero’s wife. Executed by Nero.

Octavian. 63BC-14AD. 27BC Declared himself Emperor Augustus.

October Revolution. 1917. Bolsheviks, Lenin and Trotsky overthrow Kerensky’s Socialist provisional government in Russian Revolution.

Odin. King of Scandinavian gods who holds court in Valhalla.

OGPU. 1923. Soviet secret police. 1934 NKVD. KGB.

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