Irene. 752-803. Byzantine regent for Constantine VI 780-790. Deposed him...empress 797-. Iconophile.

Irish Republican Army. IRA. 1919-. For a unified independent Ireland by terrorism (Provisional Wing) or by democratic means (Officials). Opposed Allies in WWII. Terrorism 1921-40, 1969-. Outlawed in Eire 1930, 36, 74. Sinn Fein.

Iron Curtain. 1946. Churchill’s name for Russia’s increasing influence in Eastern Europe. Dining à la Russe refers to carving being done behind an iron screen.

Irving, Washington. 1783-1859. US writer. Rip van Winkle. Legend of Sleepy Hollow 1819. Tales of a Traveller 1824. Inventor of short story.

Isaurians. Bellicose peoples of Anatolia defeated by Servilius 76BC.

Isidore of Seville, St. 560-636. Spanish bishop, encyclopedist. Etymologiae. De Natura Rerum.

Islamic Revolution. 1979. Ayatollah Khomeini led overthrow of Pahlavi in Iran.

Israelites. -930BC. Descendants of Jacob. 930BC- Inhabitants of N Palestine vs Judah. Jews who are not Cohens or Levites.

Iwo Jima, Battle. 1945. US Marine WWII victory over Japan. 40,000 casualties.

Jacquard, Joseph. 1752-1834. French engineer: punched card loom for pattern weaving 1805.

Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi. 1207-73. Persian Sufi poet. Founded Whirling Dervishes. Spiritual Couplets.

James I. 1566-1625. James VI of Scotland 1567-. King of England 1603-. United Scotland and England. Authorized Bible 1611.“Wisest fool in Christianity”. Gunpowder Plot. Religious controversy.

James V. 1512-42. Catholic king of Scotland, 1513-. Allied with France vs Henry VIII.

Java. 3C BC Indian infl. 8C Srivijaya(W). 13C Majapahit. 16C Mataran (Islamic). 1618 Dutch E Ind Co...1799 Dutch. 1811-16 British occupy. 1910 Indonesia. 1942-5 Japan occupies.

Java Sea, Battle. 1942. Japanese naval victory over Allies.

Jehovah’s Witnesses. 1879-. Christian sect believing in Christ’s imminent second coming. Founded by Russell. Publish Watchtower and Awake!. Yahweh.

Jena-Auerstadt, Battles. 1806. Napoleonic victories over Prussians led to fall of Berlin.

Jennings, Peter. 1950-. British author/inventor. Microchess 1976. Visidex 1980. Pocket History 1986-2009. MagicNotch 1990.

Jerusalem. 3500BC settled. c1000BC David conquers for Israel. 721BC Assyrians conquer. Lost Tribes. 586BC Nebuchadnezzar. 539BC Cyrus. 332BC Alexander...320BC Ptolemy I Soter. 197BC Seleucid. 167BC Hasmonaean. 63BC Rome. 324 Byzantine. 614 Persia. 637 Moslem. 1099 Crusades. Latin Kingdom. 1187 Saladin. 1260 Mameluk. 1517 Ottoman. 1917 British Mandate. 1949 Israel/Jordan. 1967 Israel re-unites. 1996 Israel/Palestinian Authority.

Jerusalem, Synod. 1672. Eastern Orthodox Church denounces Calvinism and Lutheranism.

Jewish Era. Began 3761BCE. Year of creation calculated from Biblical evidence. Christian Era. Muhammadan Era.

Jews. Individuals of Jewish parentage or Judaic religion. Descendents of Israelites who survived Babylonian Captivity. Hebrew.

Joachim, Joseph. 1831-1907. Hungarian violinist/composer.

Joad, CEM. 1891-1953. British pacifist agnostic Rationalist philosopher. Vitalism. Guide to Philosophy 1936.

John III. 1629-96. King of Poland 1674-. “Champion of Christendom” saved Vienna from Turks 1683.

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