Perry, Matthew. 1794-1858. US Commodore. Opened Japanese trade 1854.

Perseus. Slew Medusa with gods’ weapons. Married Andromeda.

Peter I. The Great. 1672-1725. Czar of Russia. Created navy. Defeated Sweden 1709. Founded St. Petersburg.

Peter III. 1728-62. Czar 1762. Overthrown by wife Catherine the Great.

Peter the Hermit. 1050-1115. French. Led ill-equipped army in First Crusade.

Peter’s Pence. Tithe paid to papacy.

Peterskirche. 13C. Zurich church with world’s largest clock face, 28.5 feet.

Petöfi, Sándor. 1823-49. Hungarian lyric poet. Hero of the 1848-9 revolution. Poetry of Liberation. János Vitéz 1845.

Petrarch. 1304-74. Italian humanist author, lyric poet, philosopher. To Laura 1366. Dialogue with St. Augustine.

Petrie, Flinders. 1853-1942. British archeologist. Sequential dating method.

Phaedo. c417BC. Greek Socratic philosopher. Dialectics, ethics.

Phaedra. Mythical Greek princess. Falsely accused Hippolytus of rape.

Pharos. 280BC-13C. Alexandria lighthouse. 135m high. Seven Wonders.

Phenomenology. Philosophy. Analysis of phenomena without preconceptions by conscious mind. Husserl.

Phidias. c490-430BC. Greek sculptor. Parthenon frieze. 42 foot gold and ivory statue of Zeus at Olympia. 7 Wonders.

Philip I. The Handsome. 1478-1506. King of Castile 1504-. Established Spanish Hapsburg line by marrying daughter of Ferdinand II.

Philip II. 382-336BC. General: unified Macedonia. Alexander’s father.

Philip II. 1165-1223. French Capetian king 1179-. 3rd Crusade. Conquered Flanders. Doubled France. Fought Richard the Lion Heart for Angevin Empire.

Philip II. 1527-98. Spanish king. Revolt, 1579. Married Mary I of England. Sent Armada against Elizabeth I, 1588. Counter-Reformation champion.

Philip IV. The Fair. 1268-1314. French Capetian king 1285-. Taxed Roman Catholic Church. Ended Templars.

Philip V. The Tall. 1293-1322. French king 1316-. Succeeded over Joan by Salic Law.

Philip V. 1683-1746. First Bourbon king of Spain 1700-. Accession led to War of Spanish Succession, loss of Netherlands and Italian possessions. War of Polish Succession.

Philip the Good. 1396-1467. Valois Duke of Burgundy 1419-. Allied with England vs France.

Philippics. Acrimonious orations of Demosthenes against Philip II of Macedonia.

Philippine Sea, Battle. 1944. Major US victory over Japanese. Philippines reconquered. MacArthur.

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