Pedro II. 1825-91. Last Emperor of Brazil 1831-89. Slavery abolished by Isabel as Princess Regent, 1888, led to overthrow.

Pegasus. Greek mythical winged horse.

Peisistratus. -527BC. Athenian Tyrant 560BC~. Attacked Ionia. Supported external trade, arts.

Pelagius. c354-c425. Welsh monk. Held heretical view that God rewards the virtuous. Free will, no original sin vs Determinism. Pelagians.

Peleus. Mythical Greek king of Myrmidons. Achilles’ father.

Pelletier, P. J. 1788-1842. Discovered chlorophyll, 1817, with Caventou.

Pelopidas. -364BC. Theban general. Defeated Sparta.

Peloponnesian War. 460-445BC. Athens vs Peloponnesian League.

Peloponnesian War, Second. 431-404BC. Sparta defeats Athens, beginning Greek decline.

Pelops. Mythical Mycenaean king Tantalus served to gods as dinner.

Penal Laws. 16C-1829. English persecution of Catholics.

Penelope. Faithful wife of Odysseus.

Pentecost. 50th day after Easter. Descent of Holy Spirit on Jesus’ disciples marks beginning of Christian mission.

Pentecostalism. Protestant fundamentalist mystic sects. Baptism with Holy Spirit gives supernatural gifts, speaking in tongues.

Pepin the Short. c714-68. First Carolingian king of France 751-. Charlemagne’s father. Donation of Pepin.

Pequot War. 1636-7. British annihilate North American Pequot tribe.

Percier, Charles. 1764-1838. French Empire architect. Cour Carrée with Fontaine.

Percy, Thomas. 1528-72. Failed attempt 1569 to rescue Mary Stuart, replace Elizabeth.

Pérez Jimenez, Marcos. 1914- Ruthless Venezuelan president. 1952-8. Coup 1948. Convicted of corruption.

Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista. 1710-36. Italian opera buffa composer. La serva padrona 1733. “War of the Buffoons” Paris 1752.

Periander. Corinthian tyrant c627-586BC. Trade and art expansion.

Pericles. c495-429BC. Athenian leader 461-. Led to Athenian dominance of Greece. Parthenon. Height of democracy.

Perpendicular. c1350-1500. English Gothic architecture. Square and heavy materialistic design.

Perrault, Charles. 1628-1703. French poet. Mother Goose 1697.

Perret, Auguste. 1874-1954. French architect in reinforced concrete. Champs-Élyées Theatre.

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