Vitoria. 1813. Wellington victory, liberated Spain from France. Peninsular War.

Walachia. 1290 Vlachs settle. 1417 Ottoman suzerainty. 1774 Russia. 1859 +Moldavia =Romania.

Wales. Celts. 55BC Rome. 7C +England. 8C Divided. 9C Re-united. 11C Norman. 1284 English suzerainty. 1536 Union with England.

Warsaw Pact. 1955-91. USSR, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, E Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania. Treaty for the combined defence of Eastern Europe under Soviet supreme command.

Weather Forecasts. 1860. First regularly issued by British Admiralty Office.

Webster-Ashburton, Treaty. 1842. Britain, US settle Eastern US-Canada border, suppress slave trade.

Wehlau, Treaty. 1657. Poland renounces suzerainty over Prussia.

Weill, Kurt. 1900-50. German surrealist satirical opera composer. Socio-political operas of great influence on future composers. ThreePenny Opera 1928 with Brecht. Happy End 1929.

Wesley, John. 1703-91. English founder of Methodism 1729. Direct preaching, often outdoors, to reach the uneducated working class. Sunday schools.

West, Nathanael. 1903-40. US novelist. Absurd, black humour. Miss Lonelyhearts 1933. Day of the Locusts 1939.

West Indies Associated States. 1967 Association of self-governing former Britishcolonies under British suzerainty.

Whiskey Rebellion. 1794. Pennsylvania settlers vs excise tax. Cavalry suppressed without violence.

Whitby, Synod. 664. Settled dispute, favoring Roman over Celtic church. Defined Easter date as first Sunday after full moon after vernal equinox. March 22 to April 25. Wilfrid.

White Lotus Rebellion. 1796-1804. China. Buddhists vs Manchu. Suppressed. Showed Ch’ing decline.

White Volunteer Army. 1917-18. Unsuccessfully opposed Bolsheviks.

Wiggin, Kate. 1856-1923. US author. Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm.

William I. (Wilhelm) 1797-1888. Hohenzollern King of Prussia 1861-. German Empire. 1871-. Supportedf Bismarck vs Austria and France.

William I. The Conqueror. c1027-87. Norman conquest of England, 1066. Defeated Harold II at Hastings. Ordered Domesday Survey 1085. Built Tower of London 1086. Imported feudal system.

William II. Rufus. 1056-1100. King of England 1087-. Brutal. Subjugated Scotland, Wales.

Wilson, Woodrow. 1856-1924. US president 1913-21. Idealist. Advocated League of Nations. Prohibition. Women’s vote. Attempted to mediate WWI 1917.

Winchester. 972 First royal standard units of measure.

Windsor. 1917-. Surname of British royal family, replacing Wettin, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in WWI.

Wolf, Hugo. 1860-1903. Austrian poet/song writer. Subtle interweaving of piano and vocal based on German, Spanish, Italian poems.

Wood, Leonard. 1860-1927. US military surgeon. Co-founder of Rough Riders.

Woodhull, Victoria. 1838-1927. US reformer. First female presidential candidate 1872. Suffrage, free love advocate.

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