Cakste, Janis. 1859-1927. Latvian independence leader, First president 1922-.

Calderón de la Barca, Pedro. 1600-81. Spanish dramatist: El divino Orfeo-“Life is a dream” 1635.

California. 1542 Spain. 1769 Spanish colonize. Serra. 1822 Mexico. 1848 US. 1850 State.

Caliphate Empire. 632-1258. Moslem Empire founded by Muhammad. From Afghanistan to north Africa and Spain. Umayyad. Abbasid.

Callaghan, James. 1912-. British Labour Prime Minister 1976-9.

Callimachus. 5C BC Greek sculptor. First Corinthian columns.

Callisto. Greek nymph changed to Ursa Major constellation.

Calonne, Charles de. 1734-1802. French finance Minister. Reform attempts led to French Revolution

Calvin, John. 1509-64. Reformist in Switzerland and France. Predestination, truth by faith. Institutes of Christian Religion 1536, used by others to justify Protestantism. Calvinism.

Calvinism. New concept of work. Diligence, frugality, beyond satisfaction of material needs. Predestination. Strict Rectitude. Presbyterianism. Calvin. Remonstrants.

Cambrai, Battle. 1917. First use of tanks (by British).

Cambridge Platonists. 17C. Tried to synthesize Plato and Christianity. Christian Humanists.

Camden Town Group. 1902-13. English Postimpressionist artists. London Group.

Camel, Battle of the. 656. Basra. Ali victory in first Moslem Civil War.

Camillus, Marcus Furius. 4C BC. Defended Rome against Gaul attack, 387BC. Elected dictator.

Camisards. 1702-6. French Protestants who rebelled against Catholic persecution.

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. CND. 1958- Founded by Russell. Aldermaston Marches. The peace symbol, overlaid semaphore ND, was designed for the CND.

Campin, Robert. 1378-1444. Flemish artist. Mérode Altarpiece c1428.

Campo Formio, Peace. 1797. Austria surrenders to Napoleon. Independent Venice abolished.

Camus, Albert. 1913-60. Existentialist absurd French writer: l’Étranger, Caligula.

Canaan. Biblical Palestine. Israeli promised land.

Canada. 1000 Norse visit. 1497 Cabot explores. 1534 French claim Quebec. 1583 English claim, settle Newfoundland. 1605 French settle Quebec. 1763 British conquer French territory. 1867 Independent Dominion. 1870 +northwest territories. 1871 +British Columbia. 1873 +PEI. 1949 +Newfoundland, Labrador.

Candidas. 14-15C. Indian priest, romantic poet.

Candragupta. Founded Maurya dynasty; united most of India. Ruled c321-297BC.

Cano, Juan del. c1460-1526. Spanish. First Circumnavigation 1521. Magellan.

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