Quadrilateral. Austrian fortresses: Legnago, Mantua, Verona, Peschiera.

Quadrivium. Arithmetic, astronomy, geometry, music. Trivium.

Quadruple Alliance. 1718. Austria, France, Britain, Dutch Republic. Defeated Spain’s attack on Sicily. 1813,15. Austria, Britain, Russia, Prussia. Enforced Treaty of Paris. 1834 France, Britain, Portugal, Spain. Supported Isabella II vs Carlist claims.

Quakers. 1647. Society of Friends. Protestant non-conformist sect, founded by Fox. Silently awaiting “Inward Light”. Penn.

Quartering Acts. 1765-70,74. Forced Colonies to pay for British troops stationed there. Intolerable Acts. Stamp Act.

Quasimodo, Salvatore. 1901-68. Italian humanist Hermetic poet: La Vita non e sogno. Oboe Somerso 1932.

Quebec Conference. 1864. Basis of British North America Act. 1943. Allied leaders plan European landings. 1944. Churchill, Roosevelt decide on two war fronts-criticized for allowing Soviets to take Berlin.

Quesnay, François. 1694-1774. French economist, Physiocrat. “Laissez-faire” is a natural divinely appointed law. Tableau Économique 1758 -systematic study of political economy. Can maximize social satisfaction under free competition.

Quesnel, Pasquier. 1634-1719. French Jansenist leader. French New Testament 1697.

Quezon, Manuel. 1878-1944. First Philippine president 1935-.

Quietism. 1696. Mystic religious movements. Passivity allows communication with God. Hinduism. Sufism. Molinos. Guyon. Fenelon. Soul in passive state is saved by divine spirit.

Quimby, Phineas P. 1802-66. US mental healer by suggestion. Mary Baker Eddy was a patient. Father of New Thought movement.

Quintilian. c35-96. Roman educationalist. Institutio Oratoria 95. Modern ideas of education.

Quintuple Treaty. 1839. Britain, France, Prussia, Austria, Russia guaranteed Belgian integrity. London Treaty.

Rabelais, François. c1483-1553. French satirical writer and humanist. Pantagruel 1532.Gargantua 1534.

Rabin, Yitzhak. 1992-95. Israeli statesman. Military leader, Six Day War. PM 74-77, 92-95. Peace negotiater.

Rachmaninov, Sergei. 1873-1943. Russian/US pianist, composer. Romantic nostalgic works of great virtuosity. Prelude 1892.

Racine, Jean. 1639-99. Classical French tragedy playwright. Molière’s rival. Andromaque 1667. Britannicus 1669. Phèdre 1677.

Radcliffe, Ann. 1764-1823. English Gothic novelist. Mysteries of Udolpho 1794.

Radek, Karl. 1885-1939. Russian. COMINTERN leader, propagandist. Purged.

Radical Republicans. 1860-77. Anti-slavery faction of US Republican Party. Abolitionists.

Radzin, Treaty. 1681. Ends First Russo-Turkish war. Russia gains Ukraine.

Raeburn, Henry. 1756-1823. British portrait artist.

Raffles, Thomas. 1781-1826. English founder of Singapore 1819.

Rahman, Mujibur. 1920-75. Bangladesh Awami Leader. Prime Minister 1972-, President 1974-. Murdered in coup.

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