Railways. 1795 England(horse-drawn). 1827 First US charter. 1827 Europe (St. Etienne-Andrézieux). 1869 US Central/Union Pacific. 1887 Canadian Pacific 1905 Trans-Siberian.

Rajatarangini. 1148. Historical chronicle of Kashmir India.

Rajk, Laszlo. 1909-49. Hungarian communist statesman. Hung for treason. Rehabilitated 1956.

Rajputs. 9C-. NW Indian Hindu warrior caste.

Rákosi, Mátyás. 1892-1971. Stalinist Hungarian leader 1945-56. Fled before 1956 uprising.

Rakovsky, Khristian. 1873-?. Russian Communist leader. Opposed Stalin. Imprisoned 1938.

Raleigh, Walter. 1554-1618. English colonist in Virginia. Introduced tobacco, potato to Europe. Beheaded.

Ramakrishna. 1836-86. Indian mystic. Founded universal religion.

Raman, C.V. 1888-1970. Indian physicist. Raman effect: wavelength shift of deflected light.

Ramathibodi I. 1312-69. Unified Siam. Founded Ayutthaya dynasty 1350-1767.

Rambouillet, Marquise de. 1588-1665. First Paris literary salon.

Rameau, Jean-Philippe. 1683-1764. Composer for harpsichord and operas based on classical themes. Castor and Pollux 1737. Pygmalion 1748.

Ramillies, Battle. 1706. Churchill wins most of Belgium for Britain from France.

Ramiro I. First King of Aragon 1035-63. Took lands from brother and Moors.

Ramsay, William. 1852-1916. English chemist: discovered helium 1895; neon, krypton, xenon 1898.

Ramus, Petrus. 1515-72. French humanist, logician. Reforms of Aristotelian logic.

Ramuz, Charles. 1878-1947. Swiss novelist: Terror on the Mountain 1925. Beauty on Earth 1927. Soldier’s Tale.

Rand, Ayn. 1905-82. Russian/US Objectivist novelist. Fountainhead 1943. Atlas Shrugged 1957.

Randolph, Peyton. 1721-75. American Revolutionary, first president of Continental Congress 1774.

Ranke, Leopold von. 1795-1886. German scientific histographer.-“Historical events must be described in their own terms”.

Rankin, Jeanette. 1880-1973. First US Congresswoman. 1917-9, 1941-3. Only vote against declaring war on Japan. WWII.

Ranters. 1649-60. English Puritan mystic sect.

Rapallo Treaty. 1920. Italy,Yugoslavia establish free city of Rijeka, settle borders. 1922 Normalized relations of Germany, USSR. Cancelled war indemnities.

Raphaël. 1483-1520. Italian High Renaissance classical painter, sculptor, architect. Vatican frescoes 1508-11. Madonnas 1505-7. Sistine Madonna 1513. Julius II.

Rappites. 19C. Christian communities in Germany, US.

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