Papal States. 756-1870. Italian territory under Pope. Recognized 1279 by HRE; lost during Italian Unification. Pepin Donation.

Papin, Denis. 1647-1714. French doctor, first utilized steam pressure. Pressure cooker 1679. Piston 1680.

Papineau, Louis. 1786-1871. French-Canadian nationalist. Led 1837 revolt vs Britain in Lower Canada.

Papua New Guinea. New Guinea. SE: 1884 British. 1906 Australia = Papua. NE: 1884 German. 1914 Australian mandate. 1949 united. 1975 Independent.

Paracelsus. 1493-1541. Swiss alchemist, physician. Chemical drugs. Named zinc. Practica 1529. Hypnotism. Great Surgery Book 1536.

Paraclete. Name given Holy Ghost by Christ.

Paraguay. Guarani. 1526 Cabot explores. 1535 Spanish. 1811 Independent. 1954 Dictatorship.

Paramountcy, Doctrine of. 19C. British East India Company claims right to intervene if any state is misgoverned.

Paris. Son of Priam. Carried Helen back to Troy, starting the Trojan Wars. Shot Achilles. Judged first beauty contest.

Paris, Congress. 1856. Austria, France, Britain, Russia, Ottomans, Sardinia end Crimean War.

Paris, Matthew. -1259. English monk, historian. Chronica Majora. Historia Anglorum.

Paris, Treaties. 1229 Ends Albigensian Crusade. Louis gains Toulouse. 1327. England loses territory to France. 1763 Ends Seven Years War. Britain gets French holdings in Canada. Spain gets American territory. 1783 Ends American Revolution. US borders fixed. 1814 Ends Napoleonic Wars, restoring 1792 borders. Napoleon exiled to Elba. 1815 Ends Hundred Days. 1790 borders, reparations. Napoleon to St. Helena. 1856 Ends Crimean War. Black Sea neutral. Regulated Laws of High Seas. 1898 Ends Spanish American War. Spain cedes Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico to US. 1947. Settled European borders after WWII.

Paris Peace Conference. 1919-20. Versailles Treaty.

Paris Unrest. 1968. May Demonstrations.

Parker, Charlie. 1920-55. US Jazz saxophonist. Father of Bebop.

Parker, Dorothy. 1893-1967. US witty urban writer. A Star is Born. Death and Taxes 1931.

Parks, Rosa. 1913-. US ‘mother’ of Civil Rights Movement. Arrested, 1955, for not relinquishing her seat to a white man. King.

Parliament. British Monarch, House of Lords and Commons. 1295 Model Parliament. 1688 Glorious Revolution. 1911 Parliament Act. Curia Regis. Name of legislatures of most former British colonies.

Parmentier, Antoine. 1737-1813. French agronomist, cultivated potatoes.

Parnell, Charles. 1846-91. Irish nationalist. Founded Land League.

Parr, Catherine. 1512-48. Sixth and last wife of Henry VIII.

Parry, William. 1790-1855. English arctic explorer. Failed to find NW Passage.

Parses. Parsis. Indian followers of Zoroastrianism from Persia 8C.

Parsons, Charles. 1854-1931. English inventor of multi-stage steam turbine, 1884.

Parson’s Cause. 1755,58 Salary dispute of Anglican ministers in Virginia based on inflation of tobacco prices.

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