Parthenopean Republic. 1799 Created by Napoleon at Naples. 1802 Nelson restores Bourbons 1806.

Partisans. Armed resistance in occupied territory. Yugoslav resistance under Tito, 1941-5.

Pascal, Blaise. 1623-62. French mathematician, Jansenist philosopher, physician. Calculator 1642.Barometer 1646. Syringe 1648. Hydraulics. Probability 1654. Pensées 1670.

Paschal II. -1118. Italian pope 1099-. Investiture Controversy.

Pasic, Nikola. 1845-1926. Serbian radical. First Yugoslav Prime Minister 1921-.

Passchendaele, Battle. 1917 Limit of British/Canadian advance WWI, Ypres. 300,000 casualties. 1918 Germans first use of mustard gas.

Passy, Frédéric. 1822-1912. French founder of International League for Permanent Peace 1867. First

Pasternak, Boris. 1890-1960. Russian writer. Dr. Zhivago 1957. (forced to decline).

Pasteur, Louis. 1822-95. French microbiologist. Antibiotics. Pasteurization 1864. Rabies virus 1881.

Pastry War. 1838-9. France blockades Mexico. Wins cook’s 1828 damage claims.

Patay, Battle. 1429. French rout British. Charles VII crowned. Orléans. Joan of Arc.

Patel, Vallabhbhai. 1875-1950. Indian nationalist with Gandhi.

Pater, Walter. 1839-94. English critic devoted to ideal. Studies in History of Renaissance. Marcus the Epicurean.

Pathé, Charles. 1863-1957. French film maker. First Newsreels 1909. Les Misérables 1909. Perils of Pauline 1914.

Pathet Lao. 1950-91. Laotian communists vs French rule in Indochina.

Patriarch. Christian bishops with jurisdiction over other bishops. 325 Rome. 692 Antioch. Alexandria, Constantinople, Jerusalem. 1598 Moscow.

Patrick, St. c389-461. Patron saint of Ireland. Introduced monasticism. Converted Irish. Said to have invented Irish Whiskey 450.

Päts, Konstantin. 1874-1956. Estonian Prime Minister 1921-3,32-3. Dictator 1933-40.

Paul, St. c10-67. Apostle, organizer of Christian religion. Travelled extensively. Pharisee, rabbi, tentmaker converted by vision, 37. Epistles. Martyred by Nero.

Paul I. 1901-64. Greek king 1947-. Resisted Communism.

Pauli, Wolfgang. 1900-58. Austrian/US physicist. Exclusion Principle 1925. Neutrinos 1931.

Paulicians. 7-11C. Heretical Gnostic dualistic Christian sect.

Pauling, Linus. 1901-94. US biochemist/peace advocate. Chemical bonding.

Pausanius. Spartan. Drove Persians from Greece at Plataea, 479BC. Starved to death for plotting helot uprising.

Pavia, Battle. 476. Odoacer defeats Romans, ending Western Roman Empire.

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