Louis III. 863-82. French King 879-. Withstood Norse invasion.

Louis IX. St. Louis. 1214-70. French King 1226-70. Last 2 crusades. Captured on 7th Crusade. Built Ste-Chapelle, 1243, in thanks for release.

Louis V. Do Nothing. 967-87. Last Carolingian king of France. 979-87.

Louis X. The Stubborn. 1289-1316. King of Navarre 1305-14, France 1314-. Chartered nobles.

Louis XI. 1423-83. French King 1461-. Acquired Burgundy, Anjou. Postal service 1477. Arras Treaty.

Louis XIII. The Just. 1601-43. French King 1610-. With Richelieu, extended monarchs power. Absolutism.

Louis XIV. Sun King. 1638-1715. French King 1643-. Mazarin regent to 1661. Absolute reign signalled a flourishing of the arts. Built Versailles. Revoked Edict of Nantes. -“L’état c’est moi.”

Louis XIV Style. 1638-1715. Rich decoration as at Versailles. Poussin. Le Nôtre.

Louis XV. 1710-74. French King 1715-. Incompetence led to lost prestige, French Revolution. Philippe, duc d’Orléans.

Louis XV Style. 1715-74. Superior craftsmanship. Rococo decoration. Boucher.

Louis XVIII. 1755-1824. Bourbon. Restored to French throne by Allies 1814-. Advisory Parliament. Ultraloyalists.

Louis-Philippe. 1773-1850. French King 1830-48. 1790 Jacobin liberal who became absolutist monarch. Supported by bourgeoisie, defeated by workers in Revolt.

Louisiana. 1643 French LaSalle claims. 1719 Mississippi Company. 1762 England cedes to Spain. 1801 France (San Ildefonso Treaty). 1803 US purchase. 1812 18th State.

Louvois, Marquis de. 1639-91. Louis XIV War Minister. Reformed army. Enforced Nantes revocation. Supervised construction of Invalides, Vendôme.

Love Generation. 1960-9. Term applied to hippies who rejected past values for instant pleasures of drugs and music.

Low, David. 1891-1963. British caricaturist. Colonel Blimp.

Lowell, Percival. 1855-1916. US astronomer. Predicted Pluto 1905 (erroneously). PL of Pluto name after him. Studied Mars’ “canals” 1906. Schiaparelli.

Loyalists. United Empire Loyalists.

Loyola, St. Ignatius. 1491-1556. Spanish soldier, founder of ascetic Jesuit Order, army of God working directly for the Pope. Spiritual Exercises 1548.

Luce, Henry. 1898-1967. US publisher. Founded Time 1923, Fortune 1930, Life 1936, Sports Illustrated 1954.

Lucian. c120-80. Greek satirist. Dialogues of the Dead.

Luddites. 1811-16. Workers who destroyed machines to stop the Industrial Revolution. Led by mythical Ned Ludd.

Ludlow, Battle. 1459. War of Roses. York, Warwick routed by Lancastrians.

Lukács, György. 1885-1971. Hungarian Marxist writer: History of Class Conscioussness 1923.

Luke, St. 1C Author of third Gospel.

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