Lhato Nyan-tsen. First king of Tibet.

L’Hôpital, Michel de. 1505-73. French statesman, urged tolerance during the Wars of Religion.

Li Tzu-ch’eng. 1605-45. Chinese rebel. Overthrew Ming dynasty 1644. Defeated by Manchu.

Li Yüan. 566-635. First Tang Emperor of China 618-27. Led revolt 617, aided by Turks.

Libby, Willard. 1908-80. US chemist. Carbon 14 dating 1947.

Liberal Party. 1832. British Social reform, free trade, Irish Home Rule. 1867 Canada. 1944 Australia.

Liberalism. 19C. Movement for freedom of the individual, democracy. Bentham. Mill. Spencer. 20C. Movement to free individuals from economic restraint by social welfare programs.

Liberalism, Economic. 19C. Striving for personal profits and liberty. Manchester School. Cobden.

Liberty, Statue of. 1886. Bartholdi sculpture. Gift from France.

Liberty Affair. 1768. British sieze Hancock’s sloop ’Liberty’ smuggling wine to Boston.

Libraries. 1700BC Chaldean. 540BC Athens. 284BC Alexandria. 167 Rome. 355 Constantinople. 1446 Vatican. 1520 Paris. 1757 British Museum. 1598 Oxford Bodleian. 1653 Manchester, First free public. 1800 US Library of Congress.

Lichtenstein, Roy. 1923-97. New York Pop ‘comic strip’ artist. Whaam! 1963.

Lie, Jonas. 1833-1908. Norwegian realistic novelist. Family at Gilje 1883.

Lie, Trygve. 1896-1968. Norwegian. First UN Secretary General, 1946-52.

Liebig, Justus von. 1808-73. German chemist. Analysis of organic compounds, 1831. Agricultural chemistry, 1841. Chloroform 1831.

Liebknecht, Wilhelm. 1826-1900. German Socialist. Founded Social Democratic Labour Party, 1869.

Liechtenstein. 5C Alemanni. Franks. 1342 Independent. 1396 HRE. 1719 Principality «HRE. 1806 Rhine Confederation.1815 German Confederation. 1852 Customs Union with Austria 1923 Customs Union with Switzerland.

Ligurian Republic. 1797-99, 1801-5. Genoese state formed by Napoleon.

Liluokalani. 1838-1917. Last Hawaiian queen 1891-5. Abdicated. Aloha Oe.

Lima Declaration. 1938. W. Hemisphere solidarity vs Fascist threat.

Limerick Capitulation. 1691. Confirmed English rule and Protestant land ownership in Ireland.

Limited Liability. 19C. Sale of limited liability stock stimulated Industrialization.

Lin Piao. 1907-71. Chinese Communist. general, political leader. Died after coup attempt.

Lincolnshire Insurection. 1536. Against taxes, Dissolution of Monasteries.

Lindbergh, Charles. 1902-74. US aviator: first solo non-stop flight across Atlantic, 1927.

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