Edward the Confessor, St. c1003-66. Anglo Saxon king 1041-. Founded Westminster Abbey. Conquered Wales. Died without heir, prompting Norman Invasion.

EFTA. European Free Trade Association. 1960. Free trade with EEC: Austria, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Switzerland. Until joining EEC: Denmark, Portugal, UK.

Egmont, Graaf van. 1522-68. Flemish. Opposed Protestant persecution. Execution led to revolt vs Spain.

Egypt. 3100BC Menes unites. 2780 Old Kingdom. 2600 First pyramid. 2040 Middle Kingdom. 1570 New Kingdom. 663 Assyria. 525 Persia. 332 Alexander...323 Ptolemy. 30BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 642 Moslem. 1250 Mameluk. 1517 Ottoman. 1798 Napoleon. 1805 Ottoman. 1882 British occupy. 1914 British protectorate. 1922 Indepedent monarchy. 1952 Coup. 1953 Republic. 1958-61 UAR.

Ehrlich, Paul. 1854-1915. German bacteriologist. Salvarsan syphilis treatment, 1909. Idea of specific drugs as “magic bullets”.

Eiffel, Gustave. 1832-1923. French engineer, builder of Eiffel Tower.

Eiffel Tower. 1889. 320.75m high. 1652 steps. Opened for World Exhibition, Paris.

Einaudi, Luigi. 1874-1961. Italian. First President of Republic, 1948-55.

Einhard. c770-840. Frankish historian. Life of Charlemagne c830.

Einstein, Albert. 1879-1955. German/Swiss/US physicist. Special Theory of Relativity 1905. Quantum theory 1905. General Theory of Relativity 1916. Pacifist, Zionist.

Eisenstein, Sergei. 1898-1948. Russian filmmaker: Potemkin 1925. Alexander Nevsky 1938.

Eisner, Kurt. 1867-1919. German Socialist Revolutionary leader. First Bavarian Prime Minister.

Eistedfodd. 6C-. Congress of Welsh bards and minstrels to foster patriotic spirit.

Eleanor of Aquitaine. Divorced from Louis VII 1152 after accompanying him on Second Crusade. Married Henry II of England, bringing Aquitaine under English crown...Angevin Empire. Mother of Richard I. Led 1173 revolt vs husband, Henry II.

Electoral College. US body of electors from each state which selects the president.

Electra. Legendary Greek spirit who killed her mother, Clytemnestra to venge the murder of her father, Agamemnon.

Eleusinian Mysteries. Secret Greek ritual to honour Demeter and Persephone.

Elgar, Edward. 1857-1934. Choral composer. Established a new English tradition: Dream of Gerontius 1900, Apostles 1903, Kingdom 1906.

Elgin, Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of. 1766-1841. British diplomat to Greece. Removed parthenon statues to British Museum 1816.

Eliot, George. (Mary Ann Evans). 1819-90. English psychological novelist: Adam Bede 1859; Silas Marner 1861. Translated Strauss.

Eliot, T.S. 1888-1965. US/English modernist poet, playwright. Prufrock 1910. Ash Wednesday 1930. Murder in the Cathedral 1935.

Elizabeth. 1837-98. Wife of Emperor Francis-Joseph. Assassinated by anarchist.

Elizabeth, St. Mother of John the Baptist. Sister of Virgin Mary.

Elizabeth I. 1533-1603. Queen of England, 1558-. Stable, prosperous reign of literature and art. Restored Protestantism. Supported them abroad.

Elizabeth II. 1926-. Queen of UK 1952-. Head of State of many Commonwealth countries.

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