Aaron. c14C BC. Old Testament. Brother of Moses. Later his rival.

Abbadids. 1023-91. Moslem dynasty in Andalusia.

Abbas, Ferhat. 1899-1995. First President of independent Algeria 1962-3.

Abbas II. 1874-1944. Last Egyptian khedive, 1892-. Opposed British. Deposed, 1914.

Abbasid. 750-1258. Second Empire of Caliphate dynasty. Overthrew Umayyads; destroyed by Mongols.

Abd el-Kader. 1808-83. Arab emir who fought French 1840-46; founded Algerian state.

Abdul Rahman, Tunku. 1903-90. First Prime Minister of independent Malaya 1957-70. United Malay, Chinese, Indian factions.

Abel. Old Testament. Second son of Adam and Eve. Killed by Cain.

Abélard, Pierre. 1079-c1144. French Conceptualist theologian of Notre-Dame. Advocated discussion vs dogma. Famed love of Héloïse. Accused of heresy 1121. Letters to Heloise 1103. Sic et Non 1132. Theologia.

Abolitionists. 1774-1868. US anti-slavery party. Merged into Republicans. Radical Republicans.

Abraham. c2000BC. Old Testament father of Jewish, Arab peoples. Sarah. Hagar.Ishmael.

Abstract Art. 20C. Color, line and form without subject. Begun by Cezanne.

Abstract Expressionism. 1940s New York style of Pollock, Rothko. Spontaneous expression, free of traditional values. Expressionism.

Abu al-Abbas as Saffah. 722-54. First Abbasid caliph 749-.

Abydos, Table. 14C BC List of Egyptian. kings. Discovered Temple of Seti,1817.

Académie Française. Assembly of 40 “immortals” founded 1635 by Richelieu to set literary standards, language.

Academy. c387BC-529. Greek school founded by Plato dedicated to exploration of science and philosophical truth. Closed by Justinian.

Achaean League. 5-4C BC. Greek towns in common defence against pirates in Gulf of Corinth. 280-146BC. Model for federal government. Created to fight Macedonia. Dissolved by Romans.

Achaemenids. c550-330BC. Persian dynasty founded by Cyrus II.

Acid Rain. 1940-. Rain and fog of pH<5.5 caused by industrial air pollution. Prevalent in North America, Eastern Europe.

Actaeon. Mythical Greek hunter, turned into a stag for watching Artemis bathing.

Acts of the Apostles. c70-90. Luke’s history of early Christian church.

Adam. Biblical First man. Eve.

Adams, John Q. 1767-1848. US President 1825-9. Abolitionist.

Adams, William. 1564-1620. English navigator established Japan trade c1613.

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