Adelung, Johann. 1732-1806. German scholar; helped standardize language.

Adenauer, Konrad. 1876-1967. First chancellor of German Federal Republic., 1949-63. Stabilized postwar Germany.

Ader, Clement. 1841-1926. French aviation engineer. 1890 first plane.

Adler, Alfred. 1870-1937. Austrian psychiatrist. Split with Freud, 1911.

Admetus. Greek mythical suitor of Alcestis.

Adoptionism. 8C Christian heresy. Christ was born human, became divine after baptism.

Adventists. US religious sect that believes in the imminent second coming of Christ.

Aediles. 494BC-3C AD. Minor Roman magistrates.

Aeschylus. 524-456BC. Founded Greek tragic drama. Introduced 2nd actor, reduced chorus. Prometheus Bound. Seven Against Thebes, 467.

Aesop. Legendary/6C BC. Greek slave/fablist. Fox and Grapes. Hare andTortoise.

Aetolian League. 4-2C BC. Confederation of Greek city states, led by Thebes.

Afghanistan. c200BC Aryan. 6C BC Achaemenid. 330 Alexander...Seleucid/ Maurya. 2C BC Persia/ India/ Parthia/ Kushan. 7C Arab (NW). 750 Persia (W)/ Hindu (E). 1219 Mongol...Timurid. 1525 Mogul. 1737 Persia. 1747 Monarchy. 19 C Britain/Russia dispute 1880 British suzerainty. 1919 Independent. 1973 Marxist coup, Republic. 1978 Communist coup. 1979 Russian occupation. 1989 Mujahideen expel Russians aided by CIA. 1990s Warlords. 2001 US attack Taliban.

Afghanistan Invasion. 1979-87. Russian troops support Marxist revolutionaries.

AFL-CIO. American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations. AFL 1886. CIO 1935. Merged, 1955. US labour union federation.

Afonso I. c1111-1185. First King of Portugal, 1139.

Agam, Yaacov. 1928-. Israeli optical artist.

Aggression. 1974 UN Definition-Use of armed force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another state.

Agnes, St. 4C. Roman girl martyred at 13.

Agnosticism. Huxley’s term for not knowing whether God exists or not.

Agricola, Johann. 1494-1566. German Protestant reformer and Antinomianist.

Agrippa, Marcus V. 63-12BC. Roman general, supported Octavian.

Ahimsa. Hindu/Buddhist doctrine: non-injury to all living things. Jainism.

Ahmad Shah Durrani. c1722-73. Founder, Afghanistan.

Aho, Juhani. 1861-1921. Finnish novelist.

Ahriman. Zoroastrian spirit of evil.

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