Parliament Act. 1911. House of Lords loses veto after opposing tax on wealthy. Commons term 5 yrs.

Parmenides. 5C BC. Eleatic philosopher. Everything is an illusion. Mind creates the illusion of matter and motion. All is appearance of singular eternal reality.

Paul I. 1754-1801. Russian Emperor. Reversed reforms, isolated Russia. Assassinated.

Pausanius. Spartan. Drove Persians from Greece at Plataea, 479BC. Starved to death for plotting helot uprising.

Pelagius. c354-c425. Welsh monk. Held heretical view that God rewards the virtuous. Free will, no original sin vs Determinism. Pelagians.

Perceval, Spencer. 1762-1812. Only British Prime Minister assassinated in office.

Perfectionism. 19C. Conversion means freedom from all sin. Noyes. Oneida.

Peruzzi, Baldassarre. 1481-1536. Italian architect, painter. Palazzo Massimo 1535. Villa Farnesina 1509-21.

Petit Pont. 1852. Bridge across Seine at site of original Roman crossing.

Piaf, Edith. 1915-63. French music hall singer.

Pilgrimage of Grace. 1536. Catholic uprising in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire against dissolution of monasteries, taxation and inflation.

Plainsong. Gregorian chant. Singing in unison without harmony.

Poisons Affair. 1679. French scandal. Nobles using love potions and poisons from fortune tellers. Mme de Montespan implicated. La Voisin. Brinvilliers.

Polignac, Auguste de. 1780-1847. French minister to Charles X. Disolved Chamber of Deputies, causing July Revolution 1830.

Polish Uprising. 1863. January Insurrection.

Popular Fronts. 1930s. Political coalitions of opposing parties vs Fascists in France, Spain.

Poussin, Nicolas. 1594-1665. French Neoclassical painter. Strong pictorial emotional works. Arcadian Shepherds 1638/55. Rape of the Sabines 1636-7.

Poznán Riots. 1956. Polish workers strike for bread and freedom. 53 killed by Russian troops. Led to new regime, Hungarian Uprising.

Pragmatic Sanction. 1713. Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI declares Maria Theresa as heir causing War of Austrian Succession.

Presley, Elvis. 1935-77. US singer of rock, folk, gospel, and country music. 28M records sold. Heartbreak Hotel 1956.

Privy Council. English monarch’s principal advisers. Little power since 17C.

Pulitzer, Joseph. 1847-1911. Hungarian/US publisher. Endowed prize awarded since 1917.

Qaddafi, Muammar. 1942-. Radical nationalist Libyan dictator 1969- after deposing Idris I. Nationalized oil industry 1973. Middle East terrorist supporter.

Raffles, Thomas. 1781-1826. English founder of Singapore 1819.

RákóczI II, Ferenc. 1676-1735. Transylvanian prince. Led Hungarian Uprising 1703.

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