Rákosi, Mátyás. 1892-1971. Stalinist Hungarian leader 1945-56. Fled before 1956 uprising.

Ranjit Singh. 1780-1839. Maharaja of Punjab. Founded Sikh kingdom in N India.

Rathenau. Walter. 1867-1922. German industrialist, statesman. Organized economy for WWI. Assassinated.

Ravaillac, Francois. 1578-1610. Assassin of Henry IV. Quartered.

Restitution, Edict. 1629. HRE restores lands to Roman Catholic Church taken by Protestants since 1552.

Rhine Uprising. 1301-2. Vs tolls.

Richardson, Samuel. 1689-1761. English novelist using personal letters. Influenced novel form: Pamela 1740 Clarissa 1747 (at 1M words, the longest English novel).

Roosevelt, Theodore. 1858-1919. US president 1901-9 after McKinley assassination. Founded Bull Moose Party 1912. Led Rough Riders. Panama Canal Zone.

Rossini, Gioacchino. 1792-1868. Italian opera composer: Barber of Seville 1816. William Tell 1829.

Royal Society. 1660. English publisher of scientific Philosophical Transactions since 1665.

Sabbah, Hasan-e. Founder of Assassins 1094.

Sadat, Anwar al-. 1918-81. Egyptian president 1970- Aided Nasser’s 1952 coup. 1977 Addressed Israeli Knesset. Peace with Israel 1979. Camp David. Assassinated.

Saint, Thomas. British sewing machine inventor, 1790. Singer.

Salzburg Synod. 800. Confirmed December 25 date of nativity as observed since 690.

Sargent, John Singer. 1856-1925. Italian/US portrait painter. Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose 1886.

Schlesinger, Arthur. 1888-1965. US historian. History of American Life 1928-43.

Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr. 1917-. US historian. A Thousand Days 1965.

Scylla. Rock opposite Charybdis, danger to passing ships...mythical sea monster ate sailors.

Secret Speech. 1956. Khrushchev call for destalinization in USSR leads to Hungarian, Polish uprisings.

Seven Bishops. 1688. Confined to Tower for opposing Declaration of Indulgence.

Shaftesbury, 7th earl. 1801-85. English reform politician. Coal Mines Act 1842. Factory Acts. Sponsored schools, housing for poor.

Shi’ite. Major Moslem sect believing in Mahdi at the millenium. Official religion of Iran. Sunni. Fatimid. Assassin. Druze. Ali.

Shimonoseki Treaty. 1895. Ended first Sino-Japanese War. Japan gained Taiwan, Port Arthur. Korea independent.

Shou Hsing. Chinese god of longevity.

Simony. Trading in church offices, sacred objects. Banned by Council of Chalcedon 451, and in England since Edward VI.

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