Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine. 1746-1795. Public prosecutor of the Revolutionary Tribunal during Terror. Guillotined.

Francis I. 1494-1547. French king 1515-. Vs Charles V. Prosecuted Protestants. Began exploration, colonization. Field of Cloth of Gold.

Freemasons. Secret fraternal organization based on guilds, chivalry, religious orders. 1717 London Grand Lodge.

French Wars. 1701-1815. Second Hundred Years War.

Galerius. -311. Roman Emperor of the East, 305-. Persecuted Christians. Edict of Tolerance, 311.

Gallipoli. 1915-16. Unsuccessful Allied attempt to secure Dardanelles from Turkey. Churchill resigns as Lord of Admiralty.

Gestapo. 1933-45. Hitler’s internal secret police under Goering.

Gladstone, William. 1809-98. English Liberal reform Prime Minister 1868~94. Secret ballot. Public Education. Irish land reforms.

Glasnost. Openness. Gorbachev’s policy to promote freedom of expression, reduce secrecy.

Gnosticism. 1-6C. Heretical Christian sect incorporating mysticism, dualism, Docetism.

GPU. 1922-23. Russian Secret Police. OGPU.

Greek Fire. 648. Byzantine secret weapon. Flammable substance that ignited on contact with water invented by Callinicus of Heliopolis.

Guise, Charles de. 1524-74. Cardinal. Brought Inquisition to France.

Halifax, First Earl of. 1881-1959. English statesman. Viceroy of India 1925-31, Foreign Secretary 1938-40.

Hamilton, Alexander. 1755-1804. US Federalist statesman. First Secretary of Treasury. Killed in duel by Burr.

Hammarskjold, Dag. 1905-61. Swedish UN Secretary General 1953-.

Harley, Robert. 1661-1724. British Tory Secretary of State 1704-8. Head of Tory ministry 1710-14.

Harmony Society. Protestant celibate ascetic communal sect. Founded Harmony, PA 1806.

Hasideans. Jewish sects. 300-175BC. Strict Talmudic observation.

Hasidism. 18C-. Jewish sect founded by Eliezer, called Ba’al Shem-Tov. Stresses good-heartedness over scholarship, mystical approach to God.

Hermes Trismegistus. Egyptian founder of alchemy. Passed secret only to the sons of Pharaoahs.

Hetarai. 1814-. Secret Greek societies vs infidels.

Hinduism. c 1500BC-. Indian religion. Cycles of life, death, reincarnation. Release by enlightenment. Caste system. Vedas. Root of Buddhism, Jainism, many sects. Upanishads.

Huguenots. 1510-18C. Persecuted French Calvinist Protestants. 300,000 expelled 1685. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Wars of Religion. Edict of Nantes. Henry of Navarre. Declaration of Rights of Man, 1789.

Hull, Cordell. 1871-1955. US Secretary of State. UN founder. Trade agreements.

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