Hundred Days. 1815. March 20 to July 8; Napoleon’s escape from Elba to his second abdication. 1933. Began Roosevelt’s administration. New Deal enacted.

Hunter’s Lodge. 1838. Secret US organization to overthrow British in Canada. 2 Attacks repulsed.

Hutterites. 16C-. Communal Hungarian Anabaptist sect. 1870s moved to Western North America.

Iconoclasts. 726-843. Byzantines opposed use of images in Christian worship vs Iconophiles. Persecuted. Nicaea.

Illuminati. 16-18C. Term applied to rationalistic anticlerical Christian sects.

Independents. Separatists. 17C English Christian sects believing that congregation should control its own affairs. Congregationalism. Puritans.

Inquisition. Group of tribunals dedicated to routing out heresy. Papal. 1231-18C. Formalized by Gregory IX. Torture to obtain confession authorized by Innocent IV 1252. Roman. 1542-1908. RC church vs Protestantism. Galileo. Spanish. 1478-1834. Formed by Isabella and Ferdinand to persecute Jews and Moslems. Torquemada. Auto-da-fé.

International. Socialist revolutionary workers movements. First. 1864-76. Founded by Marx in London. Second. 1889-1914. Paris. IFTU. Revived in 1920s. Third. 1919-43. =COMINTERN. Stalin’s Vehicle for world-wide Communist Revolution. Fourth. 1938-53. Trotsky’s Transitional Program for reform.

Jehovah’s Witnesses. 1879-. Christian sect believing in Christ’s imminent second coming. Founded by Russell. Publish Watchtower and Awake!. Yahweh.

Johnson, James. 1871-1938. US poet, diplomat. Secretary of NAACP. God’s Trombones 1927.

Kadar, János. 1912-89. Hungarian Prime Minister 1956~65. Communist First Secretary.

Karaiism. 8C-. Jewish sect. Rejects Talmud. Accepts only Biblical authority. vs Rabbinical Judaism.

Kellogg, Frank. 1856-1937. US Secretary of State 1925-9. Kellogg-Briand Pact.

KGB. 1954-. Soviet secret police. =Cheka -1922; GPU 1922; OGPU 1923-34; NKVD 1934-46; MGB 1946-53. 1991 Split into FSB (domestic) and FIS (foreign).

Kishi Nobusuke. 1896-1987. Japanese Prime Minister 1957-60. Resigned after supporting US-Japan security treaty.

Kissinger, Henry. 1923-. German/US political scientist. US Secretary of State 1973-7. Shuttle Diplomacy.

Kitchener, Horatio, Earl of. 1850-1916. Commander-in-chief Boer War. British Secretary of War, WWI. Symbol of will to victory.

Knights of Labor. 1869-1917. Secret (-1879) US anti-capitalist labour organization. Haymarket. AFL.

Knights of the Golden Circle. 1859-66. Secret US organization of South supporters during Civil War.

Know-Nothing Party. 1845-56. Secretive anti-immigrant US party. Fillmore.

Ku Klux Klan. KKK. 1867-71. Secret US White Supremacist terrorist organization. Founded by Forrest. 1915- Recreated by Simmons.

Kurds. Sunni Moslem Taurus, Zagros Mountain peoples of Kurdistan, central Asia. 1925 rebelled in Turkey. 1922,44,63 rebelled in Iraq. Persecuted in Turkey, Iraq, Iran. Saladin. Sevres Treaty.

Lansdowne, Henry. 1845-1927. British statesman. Governor General of Canada, India. Secretary of War 1895-1900.

Lebanese Civil War. 1975-91. Moslem PLO gain power over Phalangists. Lebanese National Pact. Israeli, Syrian intervention 1978-82.

Lebanese Crisis. 1958. US Marines intervene in Civil War vs Communists.

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