Churrigueresque. Very ornate Spanish architectural style. Baroque. Plateresque.

Cid, El. (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar). c1043-99. Spanish hero, who fought for Moors and Christians. Idealized in 1140 epic El Cantar de mio Cid. Conquered and ruled Valencia 1094-99.

Cinna, Lucius. c84BC. Roman consul. Killed Sulla’s supporters. Assassinated.

Cinq-Mars, Marquis de. 1620-42. Opponent of Richelieu, beheaded.

Cinque Ports. 1067-1608. Association of English Channel ports to defend England.

Circe. Wizardess. Changed Odysseus’ men into animals.

Civil Rights Acts. US. 1866 Black citizenship. 1964 Ends all legal discrimination. 1968 Bans housing discrimination. 1991 Equal employment.

Clapham Sect. 1790-1830. Wilberforce’s social reformers and missionaries.

Classical Music. ~1750-1820. Development of sonata, symphony, string quartet. Mozart. Beethoven. Haydn.

Clay, Henry. 1777-1852. “Great Pacificator”. US statesman. Missouri Compromise.

Clément, Jacques. 1567-89. Assassinated Henry III of France.

Cleopatra VII. 69-30BC. Queen of Egypt, lover of Caesar and Antony. Suicide.

Cleopatra’s Needles. c1500BC Thutmose III. Gift of Egypt to Britain, US. Erected London 1878, NY 1881.

Clinton, William J. 1946- US president 1993-2001. Impeached, acquitted over Lewinsky affair. Signed NAFTA. Raised taxes.

Clive, Robert. 1725-74. Conquerer, First British governor of Bengal.

Clovis I. 465-511. Salian Frankish king 481-. Conquered N Gaul. Baptized at Reims. Moved capital to Paris in 506. First Merovingian king of France.

Coalition, Wars of. 1792-1815. European powers oppose France’s revolutionary ideas and expansion. French Revolutionary Wars. Napoleonic Wars. Third Coalition War.

Cod War. 1972-6. Britain upset at Iceland’s unilateral expansion of fishing limits to 50 miles.

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste. 1619-83. Louis XIV’s Finance Minister.

Cole, George. 1889-1959. English economist/journalist: The Intelligent Man’s Guide Through World Chaos.

Colet, John. 1467-1519. English theologian. Founded St. Paul’s School, 1509.

Coligny, Gaspard de. 1519-72. Huguenot leader 1562-. Influence on king caused Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Colossus of Rhodes. 280-224BC. 30m bronze statue of Helios. Collapsed during earthquake. A 7 Wonder.

Comic Opera. 18C revolt vs serious opera. Light style, familiar scenes. Italy: opera buffa; Fr: opéra comique; Eng: ballad opera; Ger: singspiel. Orig as intermezzo for opera.

Committee of Public Safety. 1793-5. Ruled France. Robespierre’s reign of Terror.

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