Atlantic Charter. 1941. British-US declaration of 8 principles of peace and security. Endorsed by >25 nations.

Augsburg League. 1686-9. Holy Roman Empire and allies vs France. Replaced by Grand Alliance.

Augustine, St. 354-430. Author of Confessions, City of God. Bishop of Hippo. “God is omnipotent.” Introduced Neoplatonic Determinism to Christianity. Church should rule state.

Ausgleich. 1867-1918. Split Empire into Austria and Hungary monarchies.

Austen, Jane. 1775-1817. English novelist: Sense and Sensibility, 1811, Pride and Prejudice, 1813. “the exquisite touch which renders the commonplace interesting”-W. Scott. Emma 1816.

Autobahn. German road system begun by Hitler to reduce unemployment, 1934.

Ayala Plan. 1911. Zapata to renew Mexican Revolution, return land to communal ownership.

Baekeland, Leo. 1863-1944. US: invented Bakelite 1909 (first plastic). Velox.

Baffin, William. 1584-1622. British explorer of Baffin Strait 1616.

Baha’ism. 1863-. Founded by Baha (1817-92), disciple of Bab. Religion advocating world peace, through unification of mankind.

Baïf, Jean Antoine de. 1532-89. French Pléiade poet. New metrical forms. Founded Academy of Music and Poetry 1571, in Paris.

Baltard, Victor. 1805-74. French architect. First to employ metal girders: Les Halles. St-Augustine’s Church.

Balue, Jean. 1421-91. Cardinal, Minister of Louis XI. Plotted with Louis the Bold vs king.

Banks, Joseph. 1743-1820. English botanist with Cook’s explorations.

Barents, Willem. 1555-97. Dutch navigator, explorer for NE passage.

Barnard, Christian. 1922-2001. South African surgeon-first human heart transplant 1967.

Bartholomew, St. =Nathanael, a disciple of Christ.

Barye, Antoine. 1795-1875. French sculptor of simplicity, energy. Jaguar devouring a hare 1850.

Bateau-Lavoir. 1900. Paris birthplace of cubism (Picasso, Braque) and modern poetry (Jacob, Apollinaire, Orlan). Desmoiselles d’Avignon.

Batista, Fulgencio. 1901-73. Authoritarian Cuban right-wing dictator 1933-4, 52-8. Toppled by Castro.

Beebe, Charles. 1877-1962. US biologist/undersea explorer. Record descent 923m 1934.

Belgium. 150BC Celts. 51BC Rome. 3C Franks. 9C Lower Lorraine. 15C Burgundy. 1477 Hapsburg. 1555 Spain. 1714 Austria. 1795 French. 1814 Austria. 1815 +Holland=United Netherlands. 1831 Independent kingdom. Neutrality guaranteed by Quintuple Treaty 1839. WWII Germans occupy. 1948 Benelux.

Bellay, Joachim du. 1522-60. French poet. Defence of French Language 1549 was Pléiade manifesto.

Belleau, Remy. 1528-77. French Pleiade Poet. Highly polished miniatures.

Bellier, Catherine. (One-Eyed Kate). Amply rewarded for bestowing her favours on 16 yr. old Louis XIV.

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