Bengal Partition. 1905-11. Split for administrative ease. Creates nationalistic opposition.

Benin.1625 Abomey kingdom = Dahomey. 1892 France. 1895 French West Africa. 1959 Autonomous. 1960 Independent =Dahomey. 1975 =People’s Republic of Benin.

Bentham, Jeremy. 1748-1832. English Utilitarian philosopher, jurist. Principles of Morals and Legislation 1789. Fragment on Government 1776.“Greatest happiness for the greatest number”.

Berbers. Caucasian North African peoples, mostly Moslem. Nomadic since 12C Arab invasions. Almohads. Almoravids. Barbary.

Bering, Vitus. 1681-1741. Danish explorer of Alaska for Russia 1728-.

Berkeley, George. 1685-1753. Irish immaterialist philosopher: reality exists only in the eye of God; for man, only when perceived. Principles of Knowledge 1710.

Berlin Blockade. 1948-9. Russia’s winter blockade is thwarted by US, British airlift of supplies.

Bernard of Chartres. -c1130. French Neoplatonic Idealist philosopher. Real world of eternal ideas vs apparent world of material objects.

Bevin, Ernest. 1881-1951. British labour leader, statesman. TUC. Initiated Colombo Plan.

Bjorko Treaty. 1905. Unimplemented military alliance between German Wilhelm II and Russian Nicholas II.

Black Death. Bubonic Plague.

Black Muslims. 20C US movement to apply Islam to Black life. Malcolm X.

Blériot, Louis. 1872-1936. French aviator. First plane to cross Channel, 1909.

Bloody Week. 1871. Paris Commune toppled. 20,000 dead.

Bode, Johann. 1747-1826. German astronomer: Laws of planetary distances, 1766.

Bodel, Jean. 1167-1210. Wrote first French miracle play. Play of St. Nicholas 1200.

Boethius. 475-524. Roman translator of Aristotle. Neoplatonic. Stoic. Consolation of Philosophy 523 (while imprisoned).

Böhme, Jakob. 1575-1624. German mystic. Explained world in terms of opposing elements. Aurora 1612.

Bonaparte, Joseph. 1768-1844. King of Naples 1806-8. King of Spain 1808-13. Napoleon’s brother.

Boone, Daniel. 1734-1820. US frontier explorer. Alamo.

Booth, Charles. 1840-1916. English social reformer. 17 volume Life and Labour of the People in London 1891-1903.

Bosphorus. Strategic strait at Constantinople. Nelidov.

Bossuet, J.-B. 1627-1704. French prelate known for eloquent funeral orations. De Re Diplomatica 1681.

Bourbon. 1327~1848 French dynasty. 1700~ Spain. 1734-1860 Naples.

Bourdelle, Antoine. 1861-1929. French sculptor. Simplified Greek style of heroic energy. Heracles 1910.

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