Finland. 7C Finns settle, displace Lapps. 1157 Sweden. 1809 Grand Duchy of Russia. 1919 Indepependent republic.

Five Year Plans. 1928- Russian planning cycles.

Fokker, Anthony. 1890-1939. Dutch/German/ US aircraft engineer for Germany, WWI. Remote control plane, 1919.

Ford, Gerald. 1913-. Only non-elected US President 1974-6. Replaced Agnew as VP, Nixon as President pardoned Nixon.

Ford, Henry. 1863-1947. US industrialist. Application of assembly line created affordable car. Model T 1908. Rivas.

Forum. 2C. Roman open-air meeting place. Trajan.

France. 6C BC Celt, Greek colonies. 51BC Rome. 3-5C Franks, Visigoths inv. 481 Merovingian emp. 751 Carolingian. 843 Split = W Frankish Kingdom. 987 Capetian. 1016 + Burgundy. 1378 Valois dyn. 1589 Bourbon dyn. 1792 Republic. 1799 Consulate. 1804 Empire. 1814 Monarchy rest. 1848 2nd Republic. 1852 2nd Empire. 1870 3rd Republic. 1940 German occupation. 1946 4th Republic. 1958 5th Republic.

Francis I. 1494-1547. French king 1515-. Vs Charles V. Prosecuted Protestants. Began exploration, colonization. Field of Cloth of Gold.

Francis Joseph I. 1830-1916. Austrian Empire. 1848-. King of Hungary 1867-. Bismarck. Triple Alliance. Dual Monarchy.

Franklin, John. 1786-1847. English explorer. Sought NW Pasage 1819-22.

Friedman, Milton. 1912-. Monetarist economist. Demand is mainly a function of money supply. Keynes. Laissez-faire. Capitalism and Freedom 1962.

Frontier. Moving US boundary between developed east and unsettled west. Opportunity for adventureres, explorers, pioneers.

Fuchs, Leonhard. 1501-66. German naturalist. Compendium of medicinal plants. Historia Stirpium 1542.

Futurism. 1909-1915. Italian artistic movement founded by Marinetti. Glorified machine age, war and violence. Exemplified by simultaneity of images like strobe effect. Boccioni, Balla.

Gabriel, Jacques-Ange. 1698-1782. French Architect: École Militaire 1752. Champ-de-Mars. Place de la Concorde 1755. Petit Trianon 1762.

Gainsborough, Thomas. 1727-88. English portrait and landscape painter. Boy Blue 1770. Watering Place.

Galileo Galilei. 1564-1642. Italian physicist. Planetary motion. Thermometer 1592. Acceleration of falling bodies 1604. Astronomical telescope 1609. Sunspots 1610. Arrested for heliocentricity, 1632. Rehabilitated by Vatican 1992. Copernicus.

Gama, Vasco da. c1460-1524. Portuguese explorer who rounded Cape of Good Hope 1488. Captured Calicot, India, 1503.

Garibaldi, Giusseppe. 1807-82. Led “Red Shirts” in Italian Risorgimento. Captured Naples 1860.

Garigliano, Battle. 1503. Spain defeats French invasion and wins Naples.

Gauguin, Paul. 1848-1903. French Post-Impressionist painter typified by abstracted figures and flat planes of color. Tahitian Landscape. Day of the God 1894.

Gauls. Celtic peoples. Settled France by 5C BC.

Gauss, Karl. 1777-1855. German physicist, mathematician. Complex Numbers. Modern arithmetic 1801.

Gelasius I, St. Pope 492-6. Compiled first Missal. Hard line continued rift with Constantinople.

Genêt, Edmond. 1763-1834. French diplomat. Failed to win US support for war vs Britain.

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