Geoffrey Plantagenet. 1113-51. Count of Anjou. Conquered Normandy for his son Henry II.

German Democratic Republic. (GDR). 1949-90. East Germany. People’s Republic in Soviet mould. COMECON. Warsaw Pact. 1990 Germany.

Gettysburg. 1863. Lincoln’s address given to dedicate Civil War cemetery. “Four score and seven years ago...Government of the people, by the people, for the people”.

Globe Theatre. 1599-1644. Venue for Shakespeare’s plays, London.

Gloire. 1859. French. World’s first armour-plated vessel.

Goths. Germanic people of S Scandinavia. Invaded Europe, 3-4C. Visigoths and Ostrogoths.

Greek Independence, War. 1821-29. Greek rebels, plus England, France, Russia defeat Turkey and Egypt. London Treaty. Otto I. Constantinople Treaty, 1832....End of Holy Alliance.

Greek Project. 1782. Abandoned plan of Catherine the Great to conquer Ottoman Empire.

Green Revolution. 20C. Increased food production in developing countries based on new plant breeds. Borlaug.

Gregory I, St. Benedictine Pope 590-604. Developed Plainsong, Gregorian chant. Sent Augustine to Canterbury.

Grey, Edward. 1862-1933. British statesman. Triple Alliance. Treaty of London.

Grillparzer, Franz. 1791-1872. Austrian playwright. The Ancestress 1817. Sappho 1818.

Griselda. Italian wife whose patience was tested by her husband, without complaint.

Gunpowder Plot. Nov 5, 1605. Conspiracy of Catholics against James I. Betrayed, the Houses of Parliament were not blown up. Guy Fawkes is burned in effigy each year. Catesby.

Gurkhas. Nepal peoples. Fierce British fighting group 1947-.

Gypsies. 16C-. Nomadic peoples with Romany language. Probable Indian origin.

Hadley, George. 1685-1768. English climatologist: explained trade winds.

Hagia Sophia. 531-7. Constantinople church. 1453- Mosque. 1927- Museum. = St. Sophia.

Haiti. Arawak. 1492 Columbus discovers. 16-18C Slaves brought. 1697 Spain cedes to France 1804 Independent. 1915-34 US occupies. 1957-86 Duvalier dictators. 1994 US overthrow of military regime. 1972-2002 US returns refugee boat-people.

Halifax Explosion. 1917. French arms boat explodes in harbour. 2000 casualties. Biggest man-made explosion until Hiroshima.

Halley, Edmund. 1656-1742. English astronomer who explained comets 1705. First meteorological chart 1686.

Hamas. 1987-. Militant terrorist movement for elimination of Israel and establishment of a Palestinian state. Denounced 1993 peace agreement. PLO.

Hart, Moss. 1904-61. US playwright. You Can’t Take It with You 1936.

Haussman. Baron. 1809-91. Parisian town plan, 1852. Opera House. Bois de Boulogne.

Hazlitt, William. 1778-1830. English essayist, critic. The Plain Speaker 1826.

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