Fontana, Domenico. 1543-1607. Italian/Swiss architect. Vatican Library 1587. St. Peter’s Cupola 1588.

France. 6C BC Celt, Greek colonies. 51BC Rome. 3-5C Franks, Visigoths inv. 481 Merovingian emp. 751 Carolingian. 843 Split = W Frankish Kingdom. 987 Capetian. 1016 + Burgundy. 1378 Valois dyn. 1589 Bourbon dyn. 1792 Republic. 1799 Consulate. 1804 Empire. 1814 Monarchy rest. 1848 2nd Republic. 1852 2nd Empire. 1870 3rd Republic. 1940 German occupation. 1946 4th Republic. 1958 5th Republic.

Gabriel, Jacques-Ange. 1698-1782. French Architect: École Militaire 1752. Champ-de-Mars. Place de la Concorde 1755. Petit Trianon 1762.

Hermitage. 1764. St Petersburg art museum.

Hope, Thomas. 1769-1831. English Regency furniture designer and author.

Hugh Capet. c941-996. First of the Capetian dynasty of French kings 987-. Son of Hugh the Great.

Humanism. 14C-. Philosophy. Mankind at the center of consciousness. Mankind can live ethically without recourse to the supernatural. Belief in personal worth of individual. Rational, creative. Petrarch.

Humble Petition. 1657. English Constitution of Protectorate. Cromwell as Lord Protector.

Hungarian Uprising. 1703-11. Ferenc Rákóczi II led vs Hapsburg centralism. No real change achieved. 1956. Student-led revolt crushed by Russian troops. Kádár puppet government established. Nagy executed.

Huygens, Christiaan. 1629-95. Dutch physicist, mathematician. Discovered Saturn’s rings 1655. Pendulum clock 1657. Centripetal force 1659. Conservation of Energy 1669. Wave theory of light 1678.

Iapetus. Greek Titan. Father of Atlas and Prometheus.

Instrument of Government. 1653-7. First written constitution in Europe. Established Protectorate in England. Humble Petition.

Isthmian Games. 582BC-393 AD. Corinthian athletic, musical competitions. Olympics.

Jennings, Peter. 1950-. British author/inventor. Microchess 1976. Visidex 1980. Pocket History 1986-2009. MagicNotch 1990.

Lebrun, Albert. 1871-1950. French president 1931-40. Surrendered to Pétain.

Leningrad. St Petersburg.

Lombard, Peter. 1100-1160. Italian bishop. Book of Sentences.

Louis IV. d’Outremer. 921-54. French King 936-. Fought Hugh the Great (father of Hugh Capet).

Louis XV. 1710-74. French King 1715-. Incompetence led to lost prestige, French Revolution. Philippe, duc d’Orléans.

Maderno, Carlo. 1556-1629. Swiss architect. Founded Baroque style. St. Peter’s facade 1607.

Manchukuo. 1932-45. Japanese puppet state in Manchuria under P’u-i. Manchu.

Michelangelo. 1475-1564. Florentine sculptor, painter, architect, poet. Obsessed with reproducing the human form. Pieta 1497. David 1501-4. Sistine Chapel Ceiling 1508-12. Moses 1515. Bound Slave. Medici Tomb 1520. Last Judgement 1534-41. St. Peters cupola 1547.

Millenary Petition. 1603. Presented by 1000 Puritan ministers to James I. Calls Hampton Court Conference.

Minuit, Peter. 1580-1638. Dutch purchaser of Manhattan for $24, 1626.

New Amsterdam. 1624-64 Dutch settlement. = Manhattan.

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