Mausolus. Persian Satrap c377-353BC. Tomb at Halicarnassus was one of Seven Wonders.

Meiji. 1852-1912. Japanese Empire. 1867-. Modernization. New constitution. Abolished feudalism. Made Japan a world power. Ended isolationism. Tokugawa.

Michelson, Albert. 1852-1931. Polish/US physicist. With Morley, disproved existence of ether 1887. Measured speed of light.

Milhaud, Darius. 1892-1974. Modern French polytone composer. Creation of the World 1923. Christopher Columbus 1930. Les Six.

Millenialism. Belief in the Millenium, 1000 Year reign of Christ before world ends.

Morley, Thomas. c1557-1603. English madrigal composer. Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Music 1597.

National Geographic Society. 1888. World’s largest scientific and educational society.

New Orleans, Battle. 1815 Andrew Jackson, unaware, devastates British 2 weeks after War of 1812 ends.

New World Order. 1940. Germany, Italy, Japan plan for world domination.

OECD. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. 1961. For expansion of world trade. OEEC + US, Canada, Australia, NZ.

Orcus. Roman god of underworld and dead. = Hades.

Orlando, Vittorio. 1860-1952. Italian Prime Minister 1917-19. Versailles negotiator.

Orléanists. 1830-48. French supporters of Louis-Philippe vs republicans and Bonapartists.

Orléans. 1344-. Branch of French Valois and Bourbons.

Orléans, Charles, duc d’. 1394-1465. Fought with Armagnacs vs Burgundians. Captured at Agincourt 1415. Ransomed 1440. Last courtly poet of France.

Orléans, Gaston, duc d’. 1608-60. French prince vs Richelieu. Exiled 1632-2. Led Fronde.

Orléans, Louis, duc d’. 1372-1407. Began Armagnac/Burgundy conflict. Assassinated by supporters of John the Fearless.

Orléans, Louis Philippe, duc d’. 1747-93. Became Citizen Égalité 1892. Joined Third Estate. Father of King Louis-Philippe.

Orléans, Philippe II, duc d’. 1674-1723. French soldier Wars of Grand Alliance, Spanish Succession. Regent for Louis XV.

Orléans, Siege. 1428-9. 8 month English siege ended by Joan of Arc. Turning point of 100 Years War.

Orlov, Grigory, Count. 1734-83. Russian lover of Catherine II; led coup vs Peter III. Advocated liberating Christians from Ottoman rule.

Orpheus. Mythical Greek poet. Tamed animals with lyre. Music charmed underworld gods in bid to free wife.

Osama bin Laden. 1957-. Wahabi Saudi Arabian construction magnate turned terrorist. World Trade Center. Taliban. al-Qaeda.

Osiris. Vegetation god who introduced civilization to Egypt. God of underworld.

Pan-African Congress. 1900~45. Promoted interests of blacks worldwide.

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