Patay, Battle. 1429. French rout British. Charles VII crowned. Orléans. Joan of Arc.

Peterskirche. 13C. Zurich church with world’s largest clock face, 28.5 feet.

Petit Palais. Built for 1900 World Exhibition. Paris Museum of Fine Arts.

Pharos. 280BC-13C. Alexandria lighthouse. 135m high. Seven Wonders.

Phidias. c490-430BC. Greek sculptor. Parthenon frieze. 42 foot gold and ivory statue of Zeus at Olympia. 7 Wonders.

Plague. 429-425BC Athens. 33% died. 1347-53 Europe. (Black Death). Killed 25-50% population. 1603~65 England. 1720 Provençe. 1710 Scandinavia. 1894 China, Hong Kong. 100,000 died, 10M around world.

Plato. c428-347BC. Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates’ Dialogs. Free-will. Republic. “There exist absolute truths. Mind imprints its idea on matter. Mind has always existed and seeks to free itself from matter and return to God.” Founded Academy c387. Symposium c384. Apologia c399. Quest for good will lead to harmony in the world.

Pluto. Greek underworld king = Hades = Orcus = Pater Dis. Planet discovered by Tombaugh, 1930. Disney dog named after planet, 1931.

Poor Law Commission. 1842. Chadwick recommends municipal clean water supply and sewage systems to prevent disease.

Poor Laws. 1597, 1601, 1834. British parishes to aid poor, establish workhouses, abolish slavery. Replaced 1930-50.

Post, Wiley. 1899-1935. US aviator. First solo flight around world 1933.

Pyramids. c2686-2160BC. Oldest of Seven Wonders.

Qaeda, al-. 1989 Founded by Arabs in Afghanistan. 1990 Sudan. 1996 Afghan training camps. 2001 World Trade Center. Osama bin Laden.

Reed, John. 1887-1920. US communist writer. Ten Days that Shook the World 1919.

Regency. France. 1715-23. Philippe, duc d’Orléans regent for Louis XV.

R101. 1930. British airship, world’s largest, crashed in France.

Saivo. Lapp underworld.

Sarapis. Greco-Egyptian god. Originally of underworld, later of sun.

Schopenhauer, Arthur. 1788-1860. German pessimist Idealist philosopher. Will is superior to knowledge. World viewed as will and ideas. Every individual is a part of a Universal Will.

Secularism. Humanism. Movement toward “this-worldliness”.

Senghor, Leopold. 1906-2001. Poet, First president of Senegal 1960-80.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Pyramids 4700-2160BC. Mausolus Tomb 353BC. Artemis Temple at Ephesus c550BC. Hanging Gardens of Babylon 600BC. Colossus of Rhodes 280BC. Zeus Statue at Olympia 450BC. Lighthouse at Alexandria c282BC.

Shot Heard Around the World. 1775. Battle of Lexington and Concord beginning American Revolution.

Siqueiros, David. 1896-1974. Mexican socialist mural painter. Third World. March of Humanity.

Social Security. First in Germany: 1883-89. UK 1911; Canada 1927; US 1935-66. Poor Laws. National Insurance.

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