Disraeli, Benjamin. 1804-81. English radical Imperialist Tory Prime Minister 1868,74-80. Suez Purchase. Novelist:Henrietta Temple 1837. Sybil. Coningsby. Lothair 1870.

Dominica. Carib. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1660s French settle. 17C French, British dispute. 1805 British. 1966 Self-governing. 1978 Independent republic.

Dvorák, Antonin. 1841-1901. Czech Nationalist composer. New World Symphony 1893. Classical form with folk spontaneity.

Eclecticism. 2C BC. Philosophical doctrine combining elements of various, sometimes contradictory, philosophies. Cicero.

EFTA. European Free Trade Association. 1960. Free trade with EEC: Austria, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Switzerland. Until joining EEC: Denmark, Portugal, UK.

Empiricism. Philosophy maintaining that all valid human knowledge is gained from experience.

Erzberger, Matthias. 1875-1921. German statesman. Led signing of 1918 Armistice.

Fascism. 1919-45. Totalitarian movement combining Socialist theories and Nationalism. State as highest value. Mussolini. Falange. Nazism.

Festus, Sextus. 2C. Roman lexicographer. On the Meaning of Words.

Five Year Plans. 1928- Russian planning cycles.

Flamininus, Quinctus. c227-174BC. Roman General who def Philip V of Macedonia 197BC.

Franklin, Benjamin. 1706-90. US author, scientist, revolutionary leader. Poor Richard’s Almanac 1732-57. Franklin Stove 1744. Lightning rod 1752. Bifocals 1784.

Fry, Christopher. 1907-. English dramatist: Lady’s not for Burning 1948. Venus Observed. Ben Hur 1959.

Gay-Lussac, Louis. 1778-1850. French chemist. Laws of combining gases, 1804. Meteorology.

Geneva Convention. 1864. Established humane treatment of war wounded. Sanctioned Red Cross. 1949. Agreements concerning wounded, prisoners, and civilians in war.

Gettysburg, Battle. 1863. Union victory. Turning point in Civil War.

Gorgias. c400BC. Sophist. “Making the losing cause the winning one.”

Gotham. English villagers, to avoid expense of entertaining King John, pretended to be fools.

Grattan, Henry. 1746-1820. Irish independence leader. Irish Parliament 1782. Poyning’s Law repeal movement.

Great Awakening. 1720-60. US religious revival.

Grotefend, George. 1775-1853. German. Deciphered Cuneiform 1802. Behistun.

Haeretico Comburendo. 1401. English statute legalizing the burning of heretics.

Hargreaves, James. -1778. English. Invented spinning jenny 1764.

Hegel, G.W.F. 1770-1831. German Idealist philosopher: Dialectical Reasoning: thesis vs antithesis = synthesis. Dialectical Materialism. “Universe is evolving from first cause toward self awareness and freedom. In man, God becomes aware of Himself”. Phenomenology 1806. Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1817. Philosophy of History 1830.

Hermitage. 1764. St Petersburg art museum.

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