Ranke, Leopold von. 1795-1886. German scientific histographer.-“Historical events must be described in their own terms”.

Rappites. 19C. Christian communities in Germany, US.

Rasmussen, Knud. 1879-1933. Danish arctic explorer.

Rasputin, Grigori. 1872-1916. Russian adventurer, mystic. Influential in court of Nicholas II, 1906-. Murdered.

Reed, John. 1887-1920. US communist writer. Ten Days that Shook the World 1919.

Remus. Twin brother of Romulus; legendary founders of Rome. Killed by Romulus after jumping over town wall.

Renaissance. 13-16C Rebirth of the arts, under classical influence. Humanism. Spread from Italy. Art. Architecture. Music.

Renaissance Music. c16C. Freer, flexible polyphony; steady, predictable rhythm. Palestrina. Gabrieli. English madrigals.

Republican People’s Party. Turkey 1923-50. Founded by Ataturk.

Resurrectionists. 1826-30. Provided bodies for anatomists by grave-robbing or murder. Scotland.

Revivalism. 18,19C. Revival of prior periods of English architecture. Neo-Greek, Neo-Renaissance, Neo-Gothic. British Museum.

Richard III. 1452-85. King of England 1483-. Murdered (?) nephews in tower. Killed at Bosworth by Henry VII, ending War of Roses.

Richardson, Samuel. 1689-1761. English novelist using personal letters. Influenced novel form: Pamela 1740 Clarissa 1747 (at 1M words, the longest English novel).

Right Opposition. 1928-29. Communists opponents of Stalin within Central Committee.

Rimbaud, Arthur. 1854-91. French Symbolist poet: Illuminations. Anticipated Freud’s ideas.

Rio de Janeiro, Treaty. 1947. US, Latin America mutual defence.

Rivera, Diego. 1886-1957. Mexican mural painter. Murals at Rockefeller Center 1933. Kahlo.

Rodgers, Richard. 1902-79. US musical comedy composer. Oklahoma 1943. South Pacific 1949. Sound of Music 1959. Hart. Hammerstein.

Romantic. Period of music. c1800-1910. Sought freedom of expression. Instrumental virtuoso. Berlioz. Liszt. Schubert. Schumann.

Rome. 753BC Legendary founding by Romulus and Remus. 616BC Etruscan. 509BC Roman Republic. 27BC Roman Empire. 248 Empire of the West. 395 Byzantine Empire. 410 Visigoths sack Rome. 476 Romulus Augustulus deposed. 493 Ostrogoth. 535 Byzantine. 774 Charlemagne’s Empire of the West. 962 Holy Roman Empire. 11C Norman. 12C Hohenstaufen. 1848 Republic. 1849 Papal States. 1870 Italy. 1929 -Vatican.

Romulus. Twin brother of Remus. Suckled by a wolf, they built Rome.

Romulus Augustulus. Last Roman Emperor of the West 475-6.

Rosa, Salvator. 1615-73. Italian poet, musician, Baroque painter.

Rosamund, Fair. c1140-1176. English Henry II’s mistress.

Rosetta Stone. 196BC Multilingual stone used by Champollion to decipher hieroglyphics 1821.

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