Ross, James. 1800-62. Scottish discoverer of North magnetic pole 1831 with uncle John Ross.

Ross, John. 1777-1856. Scottish. Led North magnetic pole expedition.

Ross, Ronald. 1857-1932. British discoverer of malaria parasite.

Rosso Fiorentino. 1495-1540. Mannerist painter. Descent from Cross 1521.

Rostand, Edmond. 1868-1918. French Romantic dramatist: Cyrano de Bergerac 1897.

Rothko, Mark. 1903-70. Russian/US Abstract Expressionist painter. Large canvases of solid color. Light Earth and Blue 1954.

Rothschild, Meyer. 1744-1812. German banking family patriarch.

Rouget de Lisle. 1760-1836. French officer, wrote La Marseillaise 1792.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1712-78. Swiss Enlightenment philosopher and writer. Began Romantic Movement. Stimulated French and American Revolutions. On Equality 1753. Social Contract 1762 influenced French Revolution (offended authorities), Confessions 1782. Man is prevented from being free only by society and cold science. Goodness and bounty of nature. Goodness of man. Advocates direct democracy at City-State level and dictatorship above. Sovereignty rests with people. General will aims at best for all.

Ruanda Urundi. Batwa. Bahuta. 14C Watusi. 1897 German East Africa. 1916 Belgium. 1923 League of Nations mandate 1962 Independent. Rwanda, Burundi.

Rubicon. Italian river crossed by Caesar to wage war vs Roman Senate 49BC.

Ruche, La. the Beehive. Montparnasse Avant-garde artist residence and studio, 1900-30. Chagall. Léger.

Rude, François. 1784-1855. French sculptor of public monuments. Marseillaise 1833-6.

Rudolf. (Raoul). French king 923-36. Fought Normans and Hungarians.

Rudolf I. 1218-91. First Hapsburg Emperor of Germany 1273-.

Rudolf II. 1552-1612. Holy Roman Emperor 1576-. Ended toleration of Protestants.

Ruhr. German steel region. Occupied by France 1923-30. Heavily bombed in WWII.

Rundstedt, Gerd von. 1875-1953. Leading German WWII commander.

Runes. 3-16/17C. Alphabet used by German peoples; origin unknown.

Runge, Friedlieb. 1795-1867. German. Phenol from coal 1833. Carbolic acid 1834. Paper chromatography.

Runnymede. Site of 1215 signing of Magna Carta.

Rupert, Prince. 1619-82. Royalist commander in English Civil War. First President of Hudson’s Bay Co.

Ruska, Ernst. 1906-88. German engineer. Electron microscope.

Russell, Bertrand. 1872-1970. English mathematician, liberal philosopher, logician, pacifist. Believed in human reason. Founded CND. Principles of Mathematics 1910-13. History of Western Philosophy 1945.

Russell, Frances. 1593-1641. Covent Garden market.

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