Polignac, Auguste de. 1780-1847. French minister to Charles X. Disolved Chamber of Deputies, causing July Revolution 1830.

Pollaiuolo, Antonio del. 1431/2-98. Florentine bronze sculptor, painter. Pioneered dissection in anatomy. Hercules and Antaeus 1470s. Martyrdom of St. Sebastian 1475.

Polo, Marco. c1254-1324. Venetian traveller to China 1275-92.Travels of Marco Polo 1298.

Pol Pot. 1925-98. Cambodian Communist Khmer Rouge leader. Arrested 1997.

Poltava, Battle. 1709. Russia defeats Swedish invasion, becomes a power. Northern War.

Polyanov, Peace. 1634. Poland receives Smolensk for recognizing first Romanov czar, Michael.

Polycleitus. 5C BC. Classical Greek sculptor. Proportion and rhythm. Spear Bearer.

Polytheism. Belief in multiple gods.

Pombal, Marquês de. 1699-1782. Portuguese. Led reconstruction after 1755 Lisbon earthquake.

Pompadour, Mme de. 1721-64. Louis XV’s intelligent, beautiful mistress. Built École Militaire. Sponsored Petit Trianon, Place de la Concorde.

Ponce de León, Juan. 1460-1521. Spanish discoverer of Florida 1513. Sought fountain of youth.

Poncelet, Jean. 1788-1867. French mathematician. Projective geometry.

Pont-Aven. 1886-88. School of Synthesism led by Gauguin.

Pont de la Concorde. Paris. Built 1787-91 from stones of Bastille so people could forever trample ruins.

Pontiac. c1720-69. American Indian chief. Led revolt vs British 1763-6.

Poole, William. 1821-94. US. First library periodical index.

Poor Law Commission. 1842. Chadwick recommends municipal clean water supply and sewage systems to prevent disease.

Pope. Head of Roman Catholic Church, Bishop of Rome. Considered the infallible vicar of Christ.

Pope, Alexander. 1688-1744. English satirist, poet and philosopher: On Criticism 1711. Rape of the Lock 1712-4. Essay on Man 1732-4.

Popish Plot. 1678. Oates’ fictitious allegations of conspiracy led to persecution of Catholics.

Popov, Aleksandr. 1859-1905. Russian physicist: radio antenna.

Popper, Karl. 1902-94. Austrian/British philosopher. Objective knowledge. All knowledge grows from conjecture and refutation. Social advance made one step at a time.

Popular Sovereignty. 1850s. US territories could join Union as free or slave states. Bleeding Kansas.

Porta, Gianbattista della. 1558 Telescope.

Porte, Sublime. Constantinople Ottoman government.

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