Porte St-Denis. Paris. 1672. Celebrates Louis XIV’s victories on the Rhine.

Porter, Cole. c1893-1964. US composer/lyricist. Kiss Me Kate 1948, Can Can 1953.

Portland, William Bentrick, Duke of. 1649-1709. Dutch/English statesman. Boyne. Treaty of Rijswijk.

Portugal. Iberians, Celts. 5-4C BC Greek colony. c225BC Carthage(S). 2C BC Rome. 411 Suevi. 5C Visigoth. 711 Moor. 868 Christian(N). c1060 León. 1143 Independent kingdom. 1250 Moors expelled. 1500 +Brazil. 1580 Spain. 1640 Independent. 1820 Constitutional Monarchy. 1822 -Brazil. 1910 Republic. 1932 Salazar dictator. 1976 Democracy.

Positivism. Knowledge based on senses alone. Personal knowledge. Natural laws lead to social engineering to secure a happy society. Comte. Mill. Spencer. Logical Positivism.

Post, Wiley. 1899-1935. US aviator. First solo flight around world 1933.

Post-Romantic. Music style of late 19C, early 20C. Exaggerated Romanticism. Mahler. Schoenberg.

Potemkin. Russian battleship, 1905 mutiny.

Potsdam Agreement. 1945. Truman, Stalin, Attlee agree to draw up peace treaties, reduce German industrialization, restore democracy in Europe after WWII. Outlawed Nazism. Divided Germany.

Pottawatomie Massacre. 1856. John Brown’s abolitionists kill 5 pro-slavery settlers.

Poulenc, Francis. 1899-1963. Modern French composer. Les Six.

Pound, Ezra. 1885-1972. US poet/translator of Oriental and Provençale poetry. Pisan Cantos. Pro-Fascism led to incarceration in an asylum 1946-58.

Powell, Enoch. 1912- British Conservative politician vs EEC, immigration.

Powhatan. c1550-1618. American Indian chief. Pocohantas’ father. Co-op. with settlers.

Powhatan War. 1622-44. Indians attack settlers in Virgina, Maryland. Reprisals nearly wipe out tribe.

Powys, John. 1872-1963. English writer: Wolf Solent 1929.

Poznán Riots. 1956. Polish workers strike for bread and freedom. 53 killed by Russian troops. Led to new regime, Hungarian Uprising.

Pragmatic Sanction. 1713. Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI declares Maria Theresa as heir causing War of Austrian Succession.

Pragmatism. 19-20C. Philosophy emphasizing experiment and practical utility. Pierce. James. Dewey. Schiller.

Prague, Battle. 1757. Austria defeats Prussia in Seven Years War.

Prague, Treaty of. 1866. Ends Austro-Prussian War. Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia.

Prague Spring. 1968. Czech reforms face Soviet intervention. Dubcek.

Praguerie. 1440. French nobles rebel vs Charles VII.

Praxiteles. 4C BC. Greek classical sculptor: Aphrodite c350. Hermes. Showed humanity of gods.

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. 1848-53. British painters vs Royal Academy. Advocated return to simple classical naturalism. Painted with bright colors on white vs dark tones of the time. Rossetti. Millais. Hunt.

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