Mareth Line. 1943. Rommel’s defensive line in Tunisia.

Margaret. Maid of Norway. 1283-90. Queen of Scotland 1286-. Betrothed to son of Edward I. Death led to England claiming Scotland, Civil War 1290-1314. Robert the Bruce.

Margaret of Anjou. 1430-82. Q consort to Henry VI. Led Lancastrians in War of Roses.

Margaret of France. 1553-1615. Marriage to Henry IV anulled due to promiscuity. Mémoires.

Maria Luisa. 1751-1819. Spanish queen to Charles IV. With lover Godoy, ruined Spain’s finances.

Marie Antoinette. 1755-93. Daughter of Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, Queen Consort to Louis XVI. Guillotined for seeking US aid vs French Revolution. -“Let them eat cake”.

Marie de Medici. 1573-1642. Queen consort to Henry IV, mother of Louis XIII. Regent 1610-14. Built Luxembourg Palace. Opposed Richelieu. Banished 1630. Died penniless.

Marie Louise. 1791-1847. Daughter of Francis II. Married Napoleon...Empress of France 1810-15.

Marignano, Battle. 1515. French defeat Swiss mercenaries, conquer Milan.

Mariotte, Edme. 1620-84. French physicist. Law of compressibility of gases 1676, =Boyle’s Law.

Maritsa River, Battle. 1371. Ottomans defeat Serbs. Turkey expands in Balkans.

Mark, St. Apostle. 2nd Gospel author.

Markiewicz, Countess. 1876-1927. Irish Nationalist. First woman elected to British Parliament, 1918.

Mark’s, St. 902-1484. Venice church and campanile.

Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of. 1650-1722. English general vs Louis XIV in War of Spanish Succession. Blenheim. Malplaquet. Ramillies.

Marmont, Auguste. 1774-1852. French Marshal. Surrendered Paris 1814 causing Napoleon to abdicate.

Marmousets. Advisers to French Charles V and VI.

Marne, Battle. 1914. Paris defence vs Germans. Joffre. 1918 Allied victory is turning point in WWI. Foch.

Maronite. Syrian Roman Catholic Church. 7C Settled Lebanon. 1182- Under Vatican. 1860 Druze massacre Maronites. 1920 Lebanon. Phalangists.

Marprelate Tracts. 1588-9. Anonymous seditious Puritan pamphlets for which Penry was executed.

Marseillaise. French national anthem, by Rouget de Lisle, 1792. Named for volunteer militia who adopted song on march to Paris.

Marseilles. c600BC Greek colony. 49BC Rome.

Marsilius of Padua. c1282-1343. Italian political philosopher. -“political power comes from the people”.

Marston Moor, Battle. 1644. English Civil War turning point. Cromwell defeats Rupert.

Marsyas. Mythical Phrygian artist. Challenged Apollo to musical contest.

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