Baptists. 1608-. Congregationalist Christian church. Baptism for believers only, (not infants).

Bar, Confederation of. 1768-72. Polish RC nobles vs Russian hegemony.

Barbarossa, Operation. 1941. German invasion of USSR.

Barbizon. 19C French objective style of painting landscapes from nature; influenced Impressionists. Millet, Diaz.

Barbuda. 1628 British Colony. 1680 Cordington family possession. 19C British Crown Colony. 1981 Independent Antigua and Barbuda.

Baroja y Nessi, Pio. 1872-1956. Basque novelist. Terse style influenced Hemingway. Somber Lives 1900. Generation of ’98.

Barons War. 1264-7. England. Led by Montfort vs Henry III’s spending. Evesham. Oxford Provisions. Ended by Marlborough Statute.

Baroque Art. 1600-1750. Orig in Italy, spread across W. Europe. Architecture: Ornate style characterized by stucco, frescoes, rood screens. Vanbrugh. Bernini’s Barberini Palace. Music: Counterpoint vs Renaissance polyphony. Opera, cantata. Bach. Monteverdi. Vivaldi. Painting: Dynamic, emotional. Caravaggio. Reni. Rubens.Van Dyck. Rococo.

Barrier Treaties. 1709-15. Britain, HRE aid United Provinces vs Spain, France. Spanish Succession.

Bartlett, John. 1820-1905. US compiler of Familiar Quotations 1855.

Bartók, Bela. 1881-1945. Modern Hungarian Nationalist composer. Bridged Hungarian folk to Western music.

Bartolomeo, Fra. 1472-1517. Florentine master painter. High Renaissance Classical idealist. Lucca. Annunciation 1497.

Basel, Confessions. 1531, 1536. Statements of Reformation doctrines.

Basel, Treaty. 1795. Prussia, France exchange Rhine territories.

Bassi, Agostino. 1773-1856. Italian microscopist: contagion by microbes.

Bavarian Succession, War. (Potato War). 1778-9. Prussia stops Austria from taking over Bavarian land ceded to it.

Bay of Pigs. 1961. CIA-financed Cuban invasion by exiles fails. Cuban Missile Crisis.

Bayeux Tapestry. c1104. 70 meter illustration of Norman Conquest of England.

Bayle, Pierre. 1647-1706. French religious sceptic: Dictionnaire Historique et Critique 1697.

Bazille, Jean-Frédéric. 1841-70. Early French Impressionist painter.

Bede, St. (The Venerable). 673-735. English historian: De Temporum Ratione 725.Ecclesiastical History 731.

Beethoven, Ludwig van. 1770-1827. German composer expressing emotions in music. Tone poet. Developed form and structure. “The Shakespeare of music”. 9 Symphonies. Eroica 1804. 5th 1807. 9th 1824.

Behaviourism. 1913. Actions are response to physical stimuli. Skinner. Watson. Pavlov.

Behistun Inscription. 520BC. Trilingual carving used by Grotefend to decipher cuneiform.

Bekhtrev, Vladmir. 1857-1927. Extended Pavlov’s Conditioned Response theory. Objective Psychology, 1910.

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