Ionic Order. 6C BC. Greek architectural style. Fluted columns with scroll-shaped capital.

Iran. (Persia). 3000BC Elamite. 9C BC Median. 549 Achaemenid emp. 330 Alexander...Seleucid. 2C BC Arsacid. 224 Sassanid. 7C Moslem. 10C Local dynasties. 11C Seljuk Turks. 13C Mongol. 1501 Safavid. 1736 Nader Shah. 1795 Kajar dynasty 19C Britain, Russia dispute. 1925 Pahlavi coup. 1935 = Iran. 1979 Islamic Revolution, Khomeini dictator. Islamic Republic.

Iraq. Mesopotamia. 1920 British mandate. 1921 Kingdom = Iraq. 1932 Independent. 1958 Arab Federation 1958 Left-wing coup, Republic. 1963 Anti-Communist coup. 1979 Hussein dictator. 1990 Kuwait Invasion.

Ireland. 400BC-100 Celts. 432 Christianity. 8-14C Norse/British invade, settle. 1002 Brian Boru. 1573 English plantations. 1801 United Kingdom. 1921 Irish Free State/Northern Ireland.

Ireland, Republic. 1921 Dominion =Irish Free State. 1937 =Eire. 1949 Republic of Ireland. 1949 leaves Commonwealth.

Ireland Act. 1920. Separate government for north and south. Union Act.

Ireland Referendum. 1973. Vote in favour of Union of Northern Ireland with Britain.

Iris. Greek personification of the rainbow.

Irish Land Acts. 1870-1903. British legislation for tenant farmers vs landlords.

Irish Partition. 1921. Irish Free State established; 6 NE counties elect to stay British.

Irish Potato Famine. 1845-51. Blight kills crop. 1M die. Emmigration to North America. Resentment of English.

Irish Rebellion. 1649. Crushed by Cromwell. 1798. Resulted in Union Act.

Irish Republican Army. IRA. 1919-. For a unified independent Ireland by terrorism (Provisional Wing) or by democratic means (Officials). Opposed Allies in WWII. Terrorism 1921-40, 1969-. Outlawed in Eire 1930, 36, 74. Sinn Fein.

Iron Cross. 1813. Prussian military decoration.

Iroquois League. (League of 5 Nations). 1570-. Confederation of Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca. Fought for English in American Revolution, Seven Years War.

Irrationalism. 19C. Philosophy stressing instinct over reason. Schopenhauer.

Irredentists. 1878. Italian political party with object of incorporating neighbouring regions.

Isabella I. 1451-1504. Queen of Castile. Financed Columbus. United Spain by marrying Ferdinand II. Inquisition.

Islam. =Muhammadism. 7C-. Monotheistic religion based on Koran. 1/6 of world’s population, especially north Africa, Middle East, SW Asia. Sunni. Shi’ite. Caliphate Empire.

Islamic Revolution. 1979. Ayatollah Khomeini led overthrow of Pahlavi in Iran.

Isolationism. 19C-1916. US foreign policy of noninvolvement in foreign affairs.

Isthmian Games. 582BC-393 AD. Corinthian athletic, musical competitions. Olympics.

Italo-Ethiopian War. 1935-6. Italy conquers Ethiopia. Demonstrated League of Nations ineffectiveness.

Ivan III. The Great. 1440-1505. United Russia 1478. Ended Tartar domination.

Ives, Charles. 1874-1954. First major US composer. Unconventional work anticipates 20C techniques. Very influential on later Americans. 3rd Symphony 1904.

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