Sakharov, Andrei. 1921-89. Soviet physicist, human rights activist. Hydrogen bomb. Formed Committee for Human Rights 1970.

Saladin. 1138-93. Egyptian sultan 1169-. Took Jerusalem, 1187, inciting Third Crusade. Began Ayyubid Dynasty.

Salamis, Battle. 480BC. Greek naval victory over superior Persian fleet.

Salan, Raoul. 1899-1984. French general. Created OAS 1961. Imprisoned 1962-8.

Salazar, Antonio. 1889-1970. Portuguese dictator 1932-68.

Salesbury, William. c1520-84. Welsh lexicographer. Translated New Testament to Welsh 1567.

Salinger, JD. 1919- US novelist. Catcher in the Rye 1951.

Salisbury, First Earl. 1563-1612. British adviser to Elizabeth I. Negotiated James I succession.

Salome. -72. Herod Antipas’ step-daughter, demanded and received John the Baptist’s head.

Salon des Refusés. 1863. Paris exhibition of paintings by Cezanne, Manet, Whistler refused by Academy. Déjeuner sur l’herbe.

Salonika Campaign. 1915-18. Allies take Serbia, Romania. Force Constantine I to abdicate.

Salpêtrière. 1656. Established by Louis XIV to care for the 55,000 beggars on the streets of Paris. Pinel.

SALT. US-USSR Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. 1969-79. Agreement 1972. 1979 agreement not ratified by US Senate.

Salvation Army. 1865. Booth Christian charitable organization. Named 1878.

Salvi, Niccolò. 1697-1751. Italian sculptor. Trevi Fountain 1732.

Salzburg Synod. 800. Confirmed December 25 date of nativity as observed since 690.

Samanids. 819-999. Persian native dynasty. Flourishing of arts.

Samhitas. Collections of Vedic hymns and liturgy.

Samoa. Melanesians. 1722 Dutch explore. 1830 British settle. 1856 German trade. 1899 Germany(W)/ USA(E) becomes Western Samoa, American Samoa.

Samos. Greek island birthplace of Pythagoras.

Samson. Old Testament Israelite judge, prophet. Lost sight and strength when Delilah cut off his hair.

Samudra Gupta. -c380. Hindu Indian Emperor. c330-. Expanded empire. Poet, musician, soldier.

Samuel. c11C BC. Israelite judge, prophet. Established Hebrew monarchy.

Samurai. 11C-1868. Japanese warriors. Basis of Shogun power.

San Francisco, Conference. 1945. Signing of United Nations charter.

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