Poland. c2000BC Slavs settle. 9C Tribes unite. 966 =Poland. Mieszko I. 1038 Piast dynasty. 1386 +Lithuania. 1572- Kings elected, weak. 1772,93,95. Partitioned by Russia(E), Austria(SW), Prussia(NW). 1815 Congress Kingdom (Russia). 1918 Independent republic. 1926 Dictatorship. 1939 Germany/Russia occupy. 1941 Germany. 1945 Independent. 1947 Communist. 1952 People’s Republic. 1989 Free elections. Solidarity.

Pole, Reginald. 1500-58. Archbishop of Canterbury. Opposed Reformation.

Polignac, Auguste de. 1780-1847. French minister to Charles X. Disolved Chamber of Deputies, causing July Revolution 1830.

Polish Campaign. 1939. German invasion begins WWII.

Polish Corridor. 1919-39. Baltic territory dividing east Prussia from Germany. Nazis invade 1939.

Polish Succession, War of. 1733-38. Russia, Austria defeat Poland, France, Spain; place Augustus III on throne.

Polish Uprising. 1863. January Insurrection.

Politburo. 1917~. Soviet governing body, arm of Communist Party. Abolished by Stalin 1952-66.

Polk, James. 1795-1849 US Democratic president 1845-. Oregon Question. Mexican War. “54°40' or fight”.

Pol Pot. 1925-98. Cambodian Communist Khmer Rouge leader. Arrested 1997.

Poltava, Battle. 1709. Russia defeats Swedish invasion, becomes a power. Northern War.

Polyanov, Peace. 1634. Poland receives Smolensk for recognizing first Romanov czar, Michael.

Polybius. c200-118BC. Greek historian. 40 vol History of Rome.

Polycleitus. 5C BC. Classical Greek sculptor. Proportion and rhythm. Spear Bearer.

Polycrates. -522BC. Samos tyrant c535-. Aided Persians vs Egypt.

Polygnotus. c500-440BC. Classical Greek painter.

Polytheism. Belief in multiple gods.

Pombal, Marquês de. 1699-1782. Portuguese. Led reconstruction after 1755 Lisbon earthquake.

Pomerania. Baltic area including Danzig. Independent duchy 11-17C.

Pompadour, Mme de. 1721-64. Louis XV’s intelligent, beautiful mistress. Built École Militaire. Sponsored Petit Trianon, Place de la Concorde.

Pompeius, Sextus. 67-35BC. Pompey’s son. Fought Caesar after father’s death.

Pompidou, Georges. 1911-74. French statesman, Prime Minister 1962-68, President 1969-. Fifth Republic Constitution.

Pompidou Centre. Beaubourg. 1972-7. Architects: Rogers and Piano. Paris modernistic art and activity center.

Ponce de León, Juan. 1460-1521. Spanish discoverer of Florida 1513. Sought fountain of youth.

Poncelet, Jean. 1788-1867. French mathematician. Projective geometry.

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