Janus. Roman god with two faces to guard doorways, beginnings and endings.

Japan. 660BC Empire founded by legendary Jimmu. 5C AD First unified state. c552 Buddhism. 1192 First Shogun ruler. 1543 European contact (Portugal). 1639 Isolation. 1868 Meiji restoration. 1945-52 Allies occupy. 1947 Constitutional monarchy.

Jason. Led Argonauts in quest for Golden Fleece.

Jaspers, Karl. 1883-1969. German Existential philosopher. Philosophie 1932.

Jassy, Treaty. 1792. Ends Russo-Turkish war. Russia gains Crimea.

Jaurès, Jean. 1859-1914. French socialist leader. L’Armée nouvelle 1910.

Jay, John. 1745-1829. US president of Continental Congress 1778. First Chief Justice. Jay’s Treaty.

Jean de Meung. 1240-1305. French poet. Roman de la Rose 1280.

Jeans, James. 1877-1946. English astronomer. Dynamic theory of gases.

Jeffersonian Republicans. 1790-. US First opposition party. Advocated limited government vs Federalists.

Jeffreys of Wem, Baron. 1645-89. Bloody Assizes judge. Extortion, corruption. Lord Chancellor 1685-8.

Jehoshaphat.c873-849BC. King of Judah.

Jehovah’s Witnesses. 1879-. Christian sect believing in Christ’s imminent second coming. Founded by Russell. Publish Watchtower and Awake!. Yahweh.

Jemmapes, Battle. 1792. Dumouriez defeats Austrians. French occupy Belgium.

Jenkins’ Ear, War. 1739-43. England vs Spain over restrictions of trade with Spanish colonies...War of Austrian Succession. Spanish cut ear, 1731.

Jenner, Edward. 1749-1823. English doctor, discovered smallpox vaccine 1796.

Jennings, Jane. Canadian author. Pocket Guide to World History 1986-2009.

Jennings, Peter. 1950-. British author/inventor. Microchess 1976. Visidex 1980. Pocket History 1986-2009. MagicNotch 1990.

Jennings, Sarah. 1660-1744. Influential Duchess of Marlborough in court of Queen Anne.

Jeroboam. 10C BC. King of N Israel. Idol worshipper.

Jerome, Jerome K. 1859-1927. English novelist: Three Men in a Boat.

Jerome, St. c347-c420. Translated Greek and Hebrew bible to Latin. Vulgate.

Jerusalem. 3500BC settled. c1000BC David conquers for Israel. 721BC Assyrians conquer. Lost Tribes. 586BC Nebuchadnezzar. 539BC Cyrus. 332BC Alexander...320BC Ptolemy I Soter. 197BC Seleucid. 167BC Hasmonaean. 63BC Rome. 324 Byzantine. 614 Persia. 637 Moslem. 1099 Crusades. Latin Kingdom. 1187 Saladin. 1260 Mameluk. 1517 Ottoman. 1917 British Mandate. 1949 Israel/Jordan. 1967 Israel re-unites. 1996 Israel/Palestinian Authority.

Jerusalem, Council. 50. Exempted Gentiles from Mosaic Law, circumcision.

Jerusalem, Kingdom. 1099-1291. Palestine kingdom created by leaders of First Crusade. King of Jerusalem used as title until 15C.

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