Chambord, Count de. 1820-83. Claimed French throne; inflexibility led to failure of Bourbon restoration negotiations 1874.

Champ-de-Mars. Garden under the Eiffel Tower. Originally Gabriel’s parade ground for École Militaire.

Champa. 2-15C Vietnamese kingdom. 5-6C China. 1471 Vietn dest.

Champlain, Samuel de. c1567-1635. French explorer of Canada. First Governor of New France. Founded Quebec city 1608.

Champollion, Jean. 1790-1832. French. Deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics. Rosetta Stone.

Chancellor. Title of prime minister of Germany.

Chandler, Raymond. 1888-1959. US novelist. Big Sleep 1939. Detective Philip Marlow.

Chanel, Gabrielle (Coco). 1883-1971. French haut couture, perfume doyenne. Simplicity.

Chang Ch’ien. -114BC. Chinese explorer to India, Bactria.

Chang Ling. 33-156. Founded Taoism in China.

Ch’ang O. Chinese moon goddess.

Channel Islands. 911 Norman. 1066 England. Autonomous British crown possession.

Channel Tunnel. Mathieu conceived the idea in 1802. Begun 1880s. French-English agreements to proceed, 1964, 1985. Opened 1994.

Chaos. Greek mythical pre-creation state of universe.

Chaplin, Charlie. 1889-1977. English silent film actor. First international film star: The Kid 1921. Modern Times 1936. Little Tramp.

Chapman, George. c1559-1634. English poet, playwright: Bussy d’Ambois 1607. Translated Homer.

Chappe, Claude. 1763-1805. French engineer, physicist: Aerial telegraph 1792.

Chares. Greek bronze sculptor: Colossus of Rhodes 292BC.

Charlemagne. c742-814. King of France 768-. Restored Western Roman Empire, 800.

Charles, Jacques. French physicist, launched early hydrogen balloon 1783 with Robert. Gas Law V=kT 1798.

Charles I. c742-814. King of France. = Charlemagne.

Charles I. 1600-49. King of Great Britain and Ireland. 1625-. Attempted to rule without Parliament. Defeated in Civil War. Beheaded.

Charles I. 1887-1922. Last ruler of Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1916-18.

Charles I, of Anjou. 1226-85. French King of Naples and Sicily 1246-. Son of Louis VIII. Harsh rule. First Angevin.

Charles II. 1630-85. King of Great Britain and Ireland. Restored monarchy, 1660.

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