Charles II, the Bald. 823-77. King of France 843-. Emperor of the West 875-. Verdun Treaty.

Charles III. 1716-88. King of Spain 1759-. Enlightened despot. Lost Florida but strengthened empire.

Charles III, the Simple. 879-929. King of France 893-923. Added Lorraine. Deposed.

Charles IV, the Fair. 1294-1328. King of France 1322-, and Navarre. Won part of Aquitaine from England. Last Capetian.

Charles V. 1500-1558. Hapsburg king of Netherlands 1515-55, Spain 1516-56, Germany 1519-. Holy Roman Emperor 1519-56. Fought Francis I. Divided Austria from Spain. Fought Turks.

Charles V, the Wise. 1338-80. King of France 1364-. New rampart around Paris.

Charles VI, the Well-beloved. 1368-1422. King of France 1380-. Insanity led to Civil War. Berry.

Charles VII, the Well-served. 1403-61. King of France 1422-. Joan of Arc. Arras Treaty. Pragmatic Sanction.

Charles VIII. 1470-98. King of France 1483-.

Charles IX. 1550-74. King of France 1560-. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Charles X. 1757-1836. King of France 1824-30. Overthrown by revolt.

Charles X Gustav. 1622-60. Swedish king 1654-. Gt. Northern War.

Charles Emmanuel I. 1562-1630. Duke of Savoy. Last attack vs Geneva, 1602. Escalade.

Charles Martel. The Hammer. 685-741. Unified Franks. Poitiers victory. Charlemagne’s grandfather.

Charles the Bold. 1433-77. Duke of Burgundy. Adversary of Louis XI.

Charlie, Bonnie Prince. 1720-88. Scottish Stuart pretender to the English throne. Unsuccessful revolt 1745. Exiled.

Charter. 1814-1830. French Constitution: Constitutional Monarchy, civil liberties, religious toleration.

Charter to the Nobility. 1785. Rights and prerogatives of Russian nobility.

Chartists. 1836-58. British workers’ reform movement. Petitions 1838,40,48 for universal male suffrage, ballot vote led to riots 1839. Lovett.

Chartreuse. 1084. Isère, French first Carthusian monastery.

Chase, Salmon. 1808-73. US. Founded Republican Party. National banking system.

Château Clique. Small merchant group dominated government of Lower Canada to 1830s.

Chatterton, Thomas. 1752-70. English poet. Forerunner of Romantics. Suicide.

Chaucer, Geoffrey. c1340-1400. English poet. Canterbury Tales, printed 1477.

Chaykovsky, Nikolai. 1850-1926. Russian Socialist. Opposed Bolsheviks. Led counterrevolutionary government 1918-20.

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