Orwell, George. 1903-50. English satirical novelist and social critic: Animal Farm 1945, 1984 1948.

Owen, Daniel. 1836-95. Welsh novelist.

Palestine Liberation Organization. PLO. 1964. To reclaim land from Israel. 1988 Proclaimed Palestinian State. 1993 Israel-PLO Accord, mutual recognition. Palestinian Authority. Arafat. Terrorism. Munich Olympics.

PalestinianAuthority. 1996-. Government of Jerusalem West Bank and Gaza Strip. Arafat. PLO.

Pankhurst, Emmeline. 1858-1928. English suffragette. Founded Women’s Social and Political Union, 1903.

Pantheism. Religion or philosophy identifying God with all that exists. Hinduism.

Parks, Rosa. 1913-. US ‘mother’ of Civil Rights Movement. Arrested, 1955, for not relinquishing her seat to a white man. King.

Paul, St. c10-67. Apostle, organizer of Christian religion. Travelled extensively. Pharisee, rabbi, tentmaker converted by vision, 37. Epistles. Martyred by Nero.

Peacock, Thomas. 1785-1866. English witty satirical novelist: Nightmare Abbey.

Pedrell, Felipe. 1841-1922. “Midwife” of Spanish Nationalist music.

Peelites. 19C Free Trade Conservatives under Peel, Aberdeen.

Percy, Thomas. 1528-72. Failed attempt 1569 to rescue Mary Stuart, replace Elizabeth.

Pharisees. 2C BC-70. Jewish religious sect. Oral law and Torah, vs Sadducees (Torah only). Mishna.

Philip II. 1527-98. Spanish king. Revolt, 1579. Married Mary I of England. Sent Armada against Elizabeth I, 1588. Counter-Reformation champion.

Physiocrats. 18C. Agricultural based philosophy. Land is source of all wealth. Elimination of controls over economy. Laissez-Faire. Quesnay. Turgot.

Physiognomism. Belief in the relationship between personality types and facial characteristics. Lavater. Aristotle.

Pied Piper of Hamelin. Legend based on Children’s Crusade. Leads children away when townspeople refuse to pay for ridding town of vermin.

Pietism. 17-18C. Spener’s religious movement. Influenced Moravians, Methodists. Bible study.

Pilgrim Fathers. 1620. English religious Separatists who sailed on Mayflower to avoid persecution.

Pinturricchio. c1454-1513. Italian religious painter. Vatican frescoes 1492.

PLO. Palestine Liberation Organization.

Polytheism. Belief in multiple gods.

Pony Express. 1860-61. Missouri-California mail delivery. Cody.

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. 1848-53. British painters vs Royal Academy. Advocated return to simple classical naturalism. Painted with bright colors on white vs dark tones of the time. Rossetti. Millais. Hunt.

Prime Minister. =Premier. Head of parliamentary government under the head of state (monarch or president). Walpole (1721-42) considered first British Prime Minister. Richelieu 1624 France. Chancellor.

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