Condillac, Étienne de. 1715-80. French sensualist philosopher. Locke follower.

Condorcet, Marquis de. 1743-94. French philosopher. Perfectibility of mankind.

Condottieri. 14-15C. Ineffective Italian mercenary leaders.

Cook, Thomas. 1808-92. English. First modern conducted tours, 1841.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Danaïdes. 50 daughters of Danaus. 49 condemed to fill sieves for murdering their husbands. Hypermestra.

Diocletian. 245-316. Roman Emperor of the East 284, West 285. Abdicated 305. Regained Britain, Persia. Persecuted Christians. Condemned alchemy 297.

Eleanor of Aquitaine. Divorced from Louis VII 1152 after accompanying him on Second Crusade. Married Henry II of England, bringing Aquitaine under English crown...Angevin Empire. Mother of Richard I. Led 1173 revolt vs husband, Henry II.

Enghien, Duc d’. Prince of Condé. 1772-1804. Executed for alleged plot against Napoleon.

Ethics. Study of what is good human conduct.

February Revolution. 1848. Established French Second Republic.

FLN. 1954-62. Algerian National Liberation Front conducts war vs France.

French Wars. 1701-1815. Second Hundred Years War.

Gentili, Alberico. 1552-1608. Italian jurist. International laws on the conduct of war.

Ghent, Treaty. 1814. Britain, US end Anglo-American War on pre-war conditions.

Goering, Hermann. 1893-1946. German WWI flying ace, Nazi Prime Minister. Gestapo. Condemned at Nuremberg. Suicide.

Gregory VII (Hildebrand), St. 1020-85. Pope 1073-. Condemned lay investiture 1075. Henry IV appoints Anti-Pope Clement III, attacked Rome, 1081-3.

Honorius I. Pope 625-638. Condemned posthumously as heretic. Infallibility questioned.

Hundred Days. 1815. March 20 to July 8; Napoleon’s escape from Elba to his second abdication. 1933. Began Roosevelt’s administration. New Deal enacted.

International. Socialist revolutionary workers movements. First. 1864-76. Founded by Marx in London. Second. 1889-1914. Paris. IFTU. Revived in 1920s. Third. 1919-43. =COMINTERN. Stalin’s Vehicle for world-wide Communist Revolution. Fourth. 1938-53. Trotsky’s Transitional Program for reform.

Jehovah’s Witnesses. 1879-. Christian sect believing in Christ’s imminent second coming. Founded by Russell. Publish Watchtower and Awake!. Yahweh.

Jodl, Alfred. 1890-1946. German general. Signed capitulation at Reims. Condemned at Nuremberg.

John XXII. 1244-1334. Pope 1316-. Avignon. Condemned Franciscans. Imprisoned antipope Nicholas V.

Kamerlingh Onnes, Heicke. 1853-1926. Liquified helium 1908. Superconductivity 1911.

Klemperer, Otto. 1885-1973. German conductor of Stravinsky, Mahler, Beethoven.

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