Twelve Tribes of Israel. Hebrews who settled promised land after Exodus. Each led by a son or grandson of Jacob (Israel). Hence, Israelites.

Twenty-One Demands. 1915. China submits to Japanese threats. Japan controls Manchuria, Mongolia and have access to ports and islands.

26th of July Movement. 1956-9. Castro rebels in Cuban Revolution. Named for date of failed attack on Santiago barracks 1953.

Two-Power Standard. 1889. Hamilton declares that British fleet should be at least equal to naval strength of any 2 other countries. Abandoned 1912 by Churchill.

Two Sicilies. Naples and Sicily. All Italy south of papal states. 11C Norman. 12C HRE. 1282 Angevin(N)/Aragon(S). 1443 Aragon. 1495-1504 French(N). 1713 Austria(N) /Savoy(S). 1734 Spain. 1759 Independent Bourbon. 1799-1802 France. 1861 Italy.

Two Thousand Words. 1968. Czech proclamation supporting Dubcek reforms prompts Russian Invasion.

Tyche. Greek goddess of chance. =Fortuna.

Tyler, Wat. -1381. Led English Peasants’ Revolt vs taxation 1381. Executed.

Tylor, Edward. 1832-1917. British founder of cultural anthropology.

Tyndall, John. 1820-93. Irish physicist. Tyndall Effect - why the sky is blue.

Tynwald. 800- Isle of Man parliament, supreme court.

Typhoid Mary. Mary Mallon. -1938. Carrier of typhoid in NY 1915.

Tyrant. Originally any Greek ruler who seized power illegally. 5CBC- came to signify a cruel ruler.

Tyrconnel, Duke of. 1630-91. Irish Jacobite leader 1689-. Defeated at Boyne.

Tyre. c2000BC Phoenicia. 14C Egypt. 9C Founded Carthage. 8C Assyria. 538 Persia. 332 Alexander...Seleucid. 125 Autonomous. 68BC Rome. 636 Moslem. 1124 Kingdom of Jerusalem. 1291 Mameluks destroy.

Tyrrell, George. 1861-1909. British Jesuit Modernist. Applied historical methods to theology. Excommunicated.

Tz’u-hsi. 1835-1908. Dowager empress of China 1861-. Regent for T’ung-chi. Resisted reforms. Boxer Rebellion.

Uccello, Paolo. 1397-1475. Florentine Gothic/Renaissance painter. Perspective pioneer. Flood 1447.

Udall, Nicholas. c1505-56. English dramatist.Ralph Roister Doister 1553. First English secular play, comedy.

Uesugi. 15C-1868. Japanese warrior clan ruling Honshu. Samurai.

Uganda. 1844 Arab traders reach. 1862 British explore. 1894 British protectorate. 1962 Independent. Amin.

Ugolino della Gherardesca. -1289. Italian Guelf noble. Executed by starvation for treason.

Uighur Empire. 8-9C. Turkic Sunni peoples of Inner Asia.

Ukraine. 3C Ostrogoths. Rus. 1240 Golden Horde. 1392 Lithuania. 1569 Poland. 1648 Independent Cossack state. 1654 Muscovy protectorate. 1772 Russia. 1918 Independent. 1923 USSR. 1991 Independent. CIS.

Ulbricht, Walter. 1893-1973. East German Stalinist General Secretary 1950-71. Head of State 1960-. Ordered Berlin Wall.

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