Anglo-American War. 1812-14. US, angry at British blockade of France, and Tippecanoe interference, invades Canada. Toronto and White House burned. US defeated. Ghent Treaty.

Anglo-Dutch Wars. 17-18C. Established England’s naval power, ended Dutch world power.

Anglo-Irish Agreement. 1985. Irish Republic gets voice in governing N. Ireland.

Angry Young Men. 1950s British writers. Irreverence for establishment. Amis, Wain, Osborne.

Anne. 1665-1714. British Queen 1702-. Reign notable for literarature, science, architecture. Last Stuart. Acts of Union, Settlement.

Anti-Corn Law League. 1839-46. Cobden and Bright’s pacifist movement for Free Trade, public education, against social reform and Chartists. Corn Laws.

Arab League. 1945. Non-aggression and cooperation treaty of Arab states. Collective Treaty of Defence, 1950, to defend against Israeli aggression.

Arabia. Semite. 6C BC Chaldean. c106BC Rome. 622 Caliphate Empire. 16C Ottoman. 17C Persia (E). Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, UAR, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain.

Arminianism. 17C-. Christian movement. Free-will is compatible with God’s sovereignty.

Arthur. c500. Legendary king of Camelot. Knights of the Round Table.

Ashkenazi. 1534-72. Cabalistic Jewish scholar. Established Safed center of learning, Palestine.

Ashurbanipal. Assyrian king 669-626BC. Lost Egypt. Built Nineveh Library-22,000 clay tablets.

Ask. First man in Norse mythology. Embla.

Atlantic, Battle. 1939-45. Unsuccessful German attempt to blockade Britain, WWII.

Atlantic Cable. 1866. Telegraphic link between North America and Europe.

Atomism. 5C BC. World is an infinity of small indestructible particles. Leucippus.

Atropos. Fate of the inevitable, cut the string of life.

Augeas. Elidian king, Hercules cleaned his stables.

Austria. 400BC Celts. 15BC Rome. 5-7C Huns, Avars ravage. 6C Slovenes settle 8C Charlemagne. 9C Magyar. 955 Otto I...962 HRE. 976 Babenberg(E). 1278 Hapsburg. 1453 Archduchy. 1804 Austrian Empire. 1867 Ausgleich. 1918 Republic. 1938 Germany. 1945 Republic. 1955 Independence from Allies.

Azaña, Manuel. 1880-1940. Spanish Republican Prime Minister 31-33, President 36-9.

Baden. 1112 Margravate. 1771 Grand Duchy. 1848 Republic. 1871 German Empire. 1918 Republic. 1934 Germany.

Baedeker, Karl. 1801-59. German guidebook publisher 1846-.

Bailey, Donald. 1901-85. British inventor of portable Bailey bridge 1941.

Balaam. Biblical prophet. Blessed Israelites after ass rebuked him.

Baldwin, James. 1924-87. US writer of black experience. Another Country 1962. Go Tell it on the Mountain 1953.

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