Ballot Act. 1872. Established secret ballot in English Parliamentary elections.

Baltic Wars of Liberation. 1918-20. Established independent states of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.

Bar, Confederation of. 1768-72. Polish RC nobles vs Russian hegemony.

Bara, Joseph. 1779-93. French Republican child hero.

Barbès, Armand. 1809-70. French Republican.

Basel, Treaty. 1795. Spain cedes Santo Domingo to France.

Batavian Republic. 1795-1806. = Netherlands.

Bateau-Lavoir. 1900. Paris birthplace of cubism (Picasso, Braque) and modern poetry (Jacob, Apollinaire, Orlan). Desmoiselles d’Avignon.

Bathory, Elizabeth. -1614. Hungarian Countess. Bathed in blood of 600 young girls to rejuvenate.

Baudin, Alphonse. 1811-51. French deputy, killed on the Barricades. Republican martyr.

Bavaria. Celts. 15BC Rome. 488 Germanic tribes. 555 Franks. 788 Charlemagne...817 E Franks. 10C Duchy in HRE. 1180 Wittelsbach. 1805 Kingdom. 1871 German Empire. 1918 Republic. 1919 Weimar Republic. 1933 Germany. 1949 W Germany.

Bayard, Pierre. 1476-1524. French knight in Italian wars. “The fearless and blameless knight.”

Beach, Alfred. 1826-96. US inventor. Published Scientific American 1848-.

Beardsley, Aubrey. 1872-98. Controversial Art Nouveau illustrator in black and white. Salomé 1894. Lysistrata 1896.

Bede, St. (The Venerable). 673-735. English historian: De Temporum Ratione 725.Ecclesiastical History 731.

Beghards. 13C. Catholic men’s charitable communities. Condemned 1311.

Béguines. 12C- Belgian Catholic women’s charitables communities. Condemned 1311. Still exist.

Belgrade, Treaty. 1739. Ottoman Empire ends wars with Austria and Russia. Limits Russian ships on Black Sea.

Benin.1625 Abomey kingdom = Dahomey. 1892 France. 1895 French West Africa. 1959 Autonomous. 1960 Independent =Dahomey. 1975 =People’s Republic of Benin.

Béranger, Pierre. 1780-1857. French Republican poet and singer. Roi d’Yvetot 1813.

Berlin. Capital of: 1701 Prussia. 1871 Germany. 1949 German Democratic Republic. 1990 Germany.

Berlin Blockade. 1948-9. Russia’s winter blockade is thwarted by US, British airlift of supplies.

Berlin Decree. 1806. Napoleon announces Continental System blockading Britain.

Berthollet, Claude. 1749-1822. French chemist. Chlorine Bleach 1785. Ammonia 1785.

Bessarabia. Disputed Black Sea region between Romania and Russia. 14C Moldavia. 15/16C Ottoman. 1812 Russia. 1918 Romania. 1940 MSSR. 1941 Romania. 1944 USSR. 1991 Moldova.

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