Halcyone. Aeolus’ daughter. Became kingfisher. Week of winter calm.

Hamas. 1987-. Militant terrorist movement for elimination of Israel and establishment of a Palestinian state. Denounced 1993 peace agreement. PLO.

Heemskerk, Maerten van. 1498-1574. Dutch Mannerist painter.

Helnaes Stone. c800. Oldest Danish runic stone.

Helvetii. Celtic tribe defeated by Caesar 58BC.

Hephaestus. Greek god of fire, metalsmith. =Vulcan.

Herod. 73-4BC. King of Judaea 37BC-. Massacre of the Innocents.

Hetaerae. Greek independent courtesans.

Historia Regum Britanniae. c1135. Geoffrey of Monmouth’s history of Britain from legendary founding. Popularized legends of King Arthur.

Holbach, Paul, Baron d’. 1723-89. French Materialist philosopher and Encyclopaedist.

Horae. Greek goddesses of seasons.

Hoxha, Enver. 1908-85. Albanian Marxist-Leninist dicatator 1944-.

Humanae Vitae. 1968. Pope Paul VI Encyclical against artificial birth control.

Hunt, William. 1827-1910. British Pre-Raphaelite painter.

Hussein ibn Talal. 1935-99. Moderate Jordanian king 1953-. Israel Peace Treaty 1994.

Hydrogen Bomb. Thermonuclear or H-Bomb. 1952 US. 1953 USSR. 1957 Britain. 1968 France. 1971 China. 1974 India. ? Israel. Atomic Bomb.

Icarus. Son of Daedalus, wings melted when he flew too close to the sun.

Iconoclasts. 726-843. Byzantines opposed use of images in Christian worship vs Iconophiles. Persecuted. Nicaea.

Idealism. Artistic school of thought holding the aesthetic ideal more important than the representation of the subject. vs Realism.

Ides of March. (March 15th). Day on which Caesar was assassinated.

India. North: c2500BC Indus valley civilization. c2000BC Aryans invade. 6C Achaemenid. 5C Persia. 326 Alexander(NW). c300 Maurya Empire. 2C BC Greek, Parthian, Kushan invade. 1C AD Kushan. c320 Gupta Empire. 6C Divided. 5-15C Huns, Arabs, Persians invade 12C Moslem. 1526 Mogul. South: 3000BC Dravidian civilization. 12-13C Rashtrakutas, Cholas. 14C Moslem inv. 15C Vijayanagar Empire. 1498 daGama discovers sea route. 18C British East India Co. 1858 British Empire. 1947 Independent. 1950 Republic.

Iphigeneia. Greek daughter of Agamemnon, sacrificed to save the Achaean fleet.

Iran. (Persia). 3000BC Elamite. 9C BC Median. 549 Achaemenid emp. 330 Alexander...Seleucid. 2C BC Arsacid. 224 Sassanid. 7C Moslem. 10C Local dynasties. 11C Seljuk Turks. 13C Mongol. 1501 Safavid. 1736 Nader Shah. 1795 Kajar dynasty 19C Britain, Russia dispute. 1925 Pahlavi coup. 1935 = Iran. 1979 Islamic Revolution, Khomeini dictator. Islamic Republic.

Irenaeus, St. c125-202. French theologian. Opposed Gnostics. Against Heresies 180.

Ishmael. Abraham and Hagar’s son, from whom all Arabs descend. Midianites.

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