Perseus. c212-166BC. Last Macedonian king 179-168BC. Defeated at Pydna by Rome.

Pétain, Philippe. 1856-1951. Defender at Verdun, 1916. Armistice 1940. Vichy Prime Minister 1940-42. German puppet 1942-4. Life sentence for collaboration after liberation.

Philip I. The Handsome. 1478-1506. King of Castile 1504-. Established Spanish Hapsburg line by marrying daughter of Ferdinand II.

Philip II. 1527-98. Spanish king. Revolt, 1579. Married Mary I of England. Sent Armada against Elizabeth I, 1588. Counter-Reformation champion.

Philippine Sea, Battle. 1944. Major US victory over Japanese. Philippines reconquered. MacArthur.

Phillips, Wendell. 1811-84. US abolitionist, women’s suffrage, prohibition crusader.

Phoenicians. Canaanites. 30-4C BC. Eastern Mediterranean traders from England to Africa. 20C BC Tyre. 15C BC invented alphabet. 814BC Carthage.

Picasso, Pablo. 1881-1973. Spanish/French Cubist painter. Desmoiselles d’Avignon 1907. Guernica 1937.

Pichincha, Battle. 1822. Ecuador wins independence from Spain.

Picts. Inhabitants of Scotland. Repelled Romans. Subdued by MacAlpin 843 creating Alban.

Pinkerton, Allan. 1819-84. Scottish/US founder first US detective agency 1850. Foiled plot vs Lincoln 1861.

Pius IX. 1792-1878. Pope 1846-. Longest reign. Defined Immaculate Conception 1854 Papal Infallibility. Syllabus Errorum 1864 criticized Liberalism.

Place de la Concorde. 1775. Paris. Designed by Gabriel 1755. Site of guillotine 1793.

Plains of Abraham, Battle. 1759. British defeat French, capture Quebec. New France falls. Wolfe, Montcalm killed.

Plataea, Battle. 479BC. Persians driven from Greece by Pausanias.

Plato. c428-347BC. Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates’ Dialogs. Free-will. Republic. “There exist absolute truths. Mind imprints its idea on matter. Mind has always existed and seeks to free itself from matter and return to God.” Founded Academy c387. Symposium c384. Apologia c399. Quest for good will lead to harmony in the world.

Politburo. 1917~. Soviet governing body, arm of Communist Party. Abolished by Stalin 1952-66.

Pollock, Jackson. 1912-56. US abstract expressionist painter. Dripped paint on canvas.

Poltava, Battle. 1709. Russia defeats Swedish invasion, becomes a power. Northern War.

Poor Laws. 1597, 1601, 1834. British parishes to aid poor, establish workhouses, abolish slavery. Replaced 1930-50.

Poppaea Sabina. -65. Second wife, kicked to death by Nero.

Pottawatomie Massacre. 1856. John Brown’s abolitionists kill 5 pro-slavery settlers.

Potter, Beatrix. 1866-1943. English children’s story writer. Peter Rabbit 1900.

Poussin, Nicolas. 1594-1665. French Neoclassical painter. Strong pictorial emotional works. Arcadian Shepherds 1638/55. Rape of the Sabines 1636-7.

Price, Harry. 1881-1948. Famous British medium debunker. Wrote about the most haunted house in England, but faked it.

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