Pangkor Engagement. 1874. Treaty with Perak established British rule in Malaya.

Panipat, Battles. 1526 Moguls defeat Afghans, establish dynasty. 1556 Moguls defeat Hindus. 1761 Afghans defeat Marathas.

Pantagruel. Rabelais giant.

Paraguay. Guarani. 1526 Cabot explores. 1535 Spanish. 1811 Independent. 1954 Dictatorship.

Pascal, Blaise. 1623-62. French mathematician, Jansenist philosopher, physician. Calculator 1642.Barometer 1646. Syringe 1648. Hydraulics. Probability 1654. Pensées 1670.

Pasteur, Louis. 1822-95. French microbiologist. Antibiotics. Pasteurization 1864. Rabies virus 1881.

Patel, Vallabhbhai. 1875-1950. Indian nationalist with Gandhi.

Pathé, Charles. 1863-1957. French film maker. First Newsreels 1909. Les Misérables 1909. Perils of Pauline 1914.

Patriotic Front. 1973-9. Guerillas for black power in Rhodesia. Mugabe. Nkomo.

Paul, St. c10-67. Apostle, organizer of Christian religion. Travelled extensively. Pharisee, rabbi, tentmaker converted by vision, 37. Epistles. Martyred by Nero.

Paullus, Aemilius. 229-160BC. Roman victor at Pydna, 168BC. Ended Macedonian War.

Pausanius. Spartan. Drove Persians from Greece at Plataea, 479BC. Starved to death for plotting helot uprising.

Pavia, Battle. 1525. Holy Roman Empire defeats France. Madrid Treaty.

Pavia, Battle. 476. Odoacer defeats Romans, ending Western Roman Empire.

Paz, Octavio. 1914-98. Mexican poet. La estacíon violenta. Labyrinth of Solitude 1950.

Peacock, Thomas. 1785-1866. English witty satirical novelist: Nightmare Abbey.

Peasants’ War. 1524-6. Geneva Anabaptist peasants crushed by nobles and clergy. Muntzer.

Pedro II. 1825-91. Last Emperor of Brazil 1831-89. Slavery abolished by Isabel as Princess Regent, 1888, led to overthrow.

Peelites. 19C Free Trade Conservatives under Peel, Aberdeen.

Peloponnesian League. 6C-366BC. Led by Sparta. Leuctra Battle.

Percy, Thomas. 1528-72. Failed attempt 1569 to rescue Mary Stuart, replace Elizabeth.

Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista. 1710-36. Italian opera buffa composer. La serva padrona 1733. “War of the Buffoons” Paris 1752.

Perón, Isabel. 1931-. Argentine president 1974-5, succeeding husband.

Perón, Juan. 1895-1974. Totalitarian Argentine president 1946-55, 73-4. Evita. Isabel.

Persephone. Greek goddess of fertility abducted by Hades.

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